Away From Her †A Film Review Essay

The film Away From Her, is a screenplay adaptation from the short story Bear came over the Mountain by Alice Munro. The story focuses around the relationship of Fiona and Grant, an Ontario couple married over 40 years. The couple is forced to face that fact that Fionas forgetfulness is actually Alzheimers disease. After Fiona wanders away and is found after being lost, she realizes that she can no longer live at home. Fiona has too much self-pride for herself, and too much pity for Grant, to subject him to her deteriorating mind. She makes the decision on her own to check into a comfortable nearby nursing home. The nursing home they choose has a no-visitors policy for the first thirty days of the patients stay, to let them adjust to their new settings. When Grant visits Fiona after the first month of her staying in the nursing home, he finds out that not only has she forgotten him, but Fiona has transferred her feelings to another man. The other man is Aubrey, a wheelchair bound mute patient at the nursing home. His wife Marian later moves Aubrey out of the home. As the distance between Grant and Fiona increases, Grant must sacrifice his own happiness for Fiona. This moving story, was told from the perspective of the director and screenplay writer, Sarah Polley. I believe that she used the films focus of Alzheimer, humour and intimacy between the characters to show an honest relationship of a forty-year marriage. Objectively the film is the struggle of relationship with a women suffering from Alzheimers. I think that the director, Sarah Polley used role of Alzheimers in the film as a metaphor for how memory plays out in a long relationship: what we choose to remember what we choose to forget. At a point in the film, where Grant drove Fiona, we get a glimmer that their marriage wasnt all like it seemed to be. Fiona mentions a younger woman, a student of Grants who somehow had an impact of their marriage. Although Fiona doesnt come out right and say it, the film implies that Grant may have cheated or at least was tempted to cheat on her. After that incident, he swore he would do anything for her. Grant retired from the university and they moved out to the cottage on the lake, where the two have lived ever since. It is interesting to see that memory is selective, and that through the whole disease she still seems to remember the things she wishes she would forget. Polley explores the dynamics of the survival of a long  marriage, managing to do so without having to rely on flashbacks of a romantic past. The only flashback we see in the film is a screen shot of Fiona as a young woman smiling, no dialogue, just the image. I think the image isnt mean to represents a romantic past of their younger years, but an ideal of health that Grant wishes he had back. He is attempting to cope with a new Fiona he doesnt recognize, nor who recognizes him. I think the film shows Grant discovering himself after being married to somebody for so long, realizing what unconditional love meant at the end of their marriage. In this case Grant reaches out to Marian, Aubreys wife to convince her that Aubrey come to visit Fiona. Sarah Polley also uses subtle humour in her film. The humour in film provided relief to the tension of the film and also gave insight to the bigger perspective of life itself. The film focus is surrounding a debilitating disease and its impact on others, so it is important for comedic relief. For example, Fiona jokes with Grant about not remembering where he was going, later adding in a just kidding. Although the films humour is not very substantial, I think it represents the idea that life goes on. I think that this is also characterized through the relationship that develops between Grant and Marian. Marian is a pretty witty older lady, and the dynamic of her and Grant is hilarious. Marian is straight to the point, strong spoken, while Grant is more passive in his speaking. I think that this dynamic may have been similar to of Grants and Fionas relationship, although Fiona appears to be more classy than Marian. Fiona used humour subtly after learning of her condition. Even her appointment with the doctor, she was using humour in some form to answer the doctors question. I think the use of humour is a coping mechanism for Fiona, but also shows her strength of character. Fionas acceptance of her diagnosis is shown through her swift actions and her positive behaviour such as humour, proves her strength of character. I think that this adds to the proof of her real courage and strength, which helps to give evidence to her and Grants marriage being able to last over forty years. The last item that I believe the director wanted to address was the idea of a sexual relationship among older adults. In a few parts of the movie, there  are intimate encounters between Fiona and Grant, and Grant and Marian. Many films, for example the Notebook, and others that deal with people in their 60s and 70s, give off the idea that they are very sweet and sexless. Although it is somewhat seem as taboo that elderly dont engage in sexual activity, I think that Polley used this as part of a way to show the true honesty of the relationship. We are not given some cookie cutter idea of the marriage. Polley used the opportunity of showcasing intimacy among older people, as a sign that there is a reason why people are together for so long. There arent just meaningful conversations; there is actual chemistry still there between two people after all those years. There is truth to the relationship, whether it be their apparent intimacy level, or the trials and tribulations they have go ne through over the years. After watching the film, I could see why it received so many awards. Julie Christie, played her part brilliantly, with the ability to balance a person with Alzheimers enough so that it is clear her mind is deteriorating, but not too much that she comes off as crazy. You see a significant change in her mannerisms and speaking from the start of the movie from the end of the movie. I think her role impeccably shows the disease of Alzheimers in a way that is real, and gives meaning to the clear changes that the family has to go through. I found it interesting that after thirty days she had forgotten Grant, and never retained any memory of him. I longed for her to show some glimmer of memory, whether it be a song and scent, but that day never came. I was very much moved by the relationship between Grant and Fiona. The relationship seemed very realistic, the dynamics between the two did not seemed forced by anyway. I appreciated the fact that there was truth to their long span of marriage, such as the altercation between Grant and one of his students. Even though this happened, the two stuck together for better and for worse. The fact that among the beginning of her disease Fiona still had memory of this, shows the significance it had on their marriage. I also thought that it was important to show that they still were intimate, and had chemistry between the two. It signified how important they were to one another and how difficult it was for Grant to accept Fionas condition, but his willingness and persistence to stay by her side. This movie gave a  true portrait of real life couples, struggling with day to day life, a marriage isnt one huge love story, it takes a mutual commitment. The whole aspect of Alzheimers is quite foreign to me. One set of my grandparents are deceased, while the other I am not super close to. There is a language barrier between my grandmother and I, making it difficult to communicate. She has begun to show some forgetfulness, but it hasnt really progressed into anything serious. I think that the if I was more aware of the effects of Alzheimers on a personal level, I may be more effected by the film and Fionas condition. I think that Alzheimers would be the most horrifying diseases for me. In the beginning, between episodes of memory and no memory, I think I would really struggle with dealing with the disease. When I was coherent of what was happening, that I was not remembering things would probably really upset me. I like that feeling of being in control, so not being able to remember simple things would really bother me. As time goes on through the film, I really start to feel for Grant, because at this point I dont think Fiona realize what is going on. Although it is sad for Fiona, she is unaware what is going on, while Grant is forced to deal with the disease as well. I think that it was sad to see Grant become aware that the Alzheimers disease is the beginning of the end and will ultimately result in his wifes death. I think that as he sat in the dining room hall watching the patients, he observed various stages of Alzheimers, becoming aware of what was to come in the near future. Another impact of the film on me, was the budding relationship between Grant and Marian. I found it difficult to understand the timeline of the film, because it seemed to switch back and forth between the past and present. However, I think it was important for Grant to develop a relationship with Marian. I think he needed that support from somebody who knew what he was going through. It also gave hope the notion that there is something for him to look forward too, despite of his situation with his wife. He had somebody he could rely on, be intimate with and share a connection with. It shows that all human strive for that connection with people, and he had lost that with his wife due to her disease. The biggest problem I had was with the ending of the film. In the end, Grant convinces Marian to bring Aubrey back to the nursing home to visit Fiona. The connection that bonded Fiona and Aubrey together everyday was ripped apart, when Marian took Aubrey out of the home. Fiona seemed to miss Aubrey, but the mention of him decreased as time went on. However, Grant convinced for the meeting to happen. However, in the end when Grant tells her that Aubrey was there, Fiona had forgotten who Aubrey was. This was the end of the movie, and it was truly heartbreaking. The effort that Grant put in for this to happen didnt even matter in the end. Although it gives justice to the true effects of the disease, I had wished for a happy ending. Whether it be Fiona remembers Aubrey or Grant. However, Polley stayed consistent with her depiction of a real life relationship right until the end of the film. In conclusion, I overall enjoyed the film Away from Her. The film focused around the story of an elderly couple, Grant and Fiona, who are forced to deal with Fionas diagnose of Alzheimers. The director, Sarah Polley used a combination of humour and human intimacy to depict a true honest relationship of a long lasting marriage. I found the movie somewhat moving, enjoying the dynamic relationship of Fiona, Grant, Aubrey and Marian. I would have been more impacted if I had a personal experience related to Alzheimers, but still found the film moving. I wish the film had ended differently, in a way that she would somehow recognize Grants efforts for his love for Fiona. Bibliography: Opinion Piece about FilmAway From Her. Film (2006)

Functional Roles of Human Resources Essay

Functional Roles of Human Resources One of the most important departments in a company is the human resources department. This department is charged with finding, screening, recruiting, and training job applicants, as well as administering employee-benefit programs. As companies reorganize to gain competitive edge, human resources play a key role in helping companies deal with a fast-changing competitive environment and the greater demand for quality employees. The purpose of this paper is to describe the functional roles of human resources. Roles There are many different roles that the human resources department possesses. The major functional areas are: (1) planning, (2) staffing, (3) employee development, and (4) employee maintenance. These four areas and their related functions share the common objective of an adequate number of competent employees with the skills, abilities, knowledge, and experience needed for further organizational goals (Scribd, Inc. , 2011). Planning In the human resource planning function, the number and type of employees needed to accomplish organizational goals are determined. Human resources are able to make transitions as quick as possible by always anticipating a company’s staffing needs. This ensures that companies do not fall behind while searching for the right person to fill an opening. Research is an important part of this function because planning requires the collection and analysis of information in order to forecast human resources supplies and to predict future human resources needs (Scribd, Inc.2011). Staffing This is one of the most fundamental roles of the HR department. Human resources must work to ensure that a company has the right number of employees, placed in the positions that best utilize their talents. This function involves evaluation of ability and competency of potential employees in relation to what the Company needs. If this function is performed well, then the organization will increase va lue consequently being on the right pathway to achieve its organizational and departmental goals and objectives (Hyde, 2004). Employee Development Development programs help prepare employees for higher level responsibilities within the organization and train new employees by giving them information to be valuable assets to the company. This function provides useful means of assuring that employees are capable of performing their jobs at acceptable levels (Scribd, Inc. , 2011). This helps employees feel empowered and motivated, which keeps them from looking into positions at a competing company. Employee Maintenance This function monitors employee performance to ensure that it is at acceptable levels (Scribd, Inc. , 2011). A large part of maintenance is performance appraisal. Besides providing a basis for pay, promotion, and disciplinary action, performance appraisal information is essential for employee development since knowledge of results (feedback) is necessary to motivate and guide performance improvements.

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Lab Report

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if allopatric speciation i.e. divergence of species occurs because of geographic isolation Introduction Allopatric speciation is the result of geographical isolation of species due to physical barriers and each separated population adopting specific physical features to suit their new habitat. A good example is the Caribbean Anolis lizards that have varied limb size and shape depending on whether they live on the ground or on trees. (Ref. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University). However there are also cases where two physically isolated populations have not changed morphologically but do not interbreed. Snapping shrimps on either side of the Isthmus that links the North and South American continents are physically similar but the opposite sexes attack, rather than mate when artificially paired. Ref. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome It is hypothesized that physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation or the creation of distinct species, based on the study by Futuyama and Mayer. Methods Our experiment was on observing and comparing the diversity in African Buffalo species present in different parts of the African continent. Results/Outcome Results showed that their skin colour, body mass (weight) and size has changed to suit their habitat as given in this Table. S.No. Species Geography Phenotype Character 1. Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) South and East Africa Well built with Black skin Weight ~900 kg 2. Forest buffalo (S. c. nanus) Central and West Africa Red skin, ~4 feet height, weight ~270 kg 3. Sudanese buffalo (S. c. brachyceros) West Africa Dark colour, weight ~600 kg 4. Nile buffalo (S.c. aequinoctialis) Central Africa Lighter than Cape buffallo, smaller Discussion/Analysis Based on this study, we can conclude that geographical isolation results in speciation accompanied with change in phenotype to match the local requirement. Therefore, our original hypothesis that â€Å"physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation† has been proved to be incorrect. References: 1. .Douglas J. Futuyma and Gregory C. Mayer Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals Systematic Zoology Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1980), pp. 254-271 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2412661 2. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. 3. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.evo.allopatric/

To which Performance Appraisal Meets the Requirements of the Essay

To which Performance Appraisal Meets the Requirements of the Organization for Improved Performance from Employees - Essay Example This paper discusses the pertinent understanding of the performance appraisals and how these have meant pure value for the organizations when they are trying to encourage their employees as well as to keep a check in terms of uplifting their morale. The performance appraisal system has gained worldwide recognition because it is accepted everywhere. It is the basis of determining which areas are the most strongest and where a general sense of lacking was observed throughout the year. The employees are monitored annually which means that their entire year’s working regimes are scrutinized properly and then only a solution is found out which shall solve their quandaries if they had any during the last year (Booth, 2006). If they met their targets and achieved outstanding results, then there is reason enough to believe that the performance appraisal worked in essence, and it gained what it really had to achieve in the long term scheme of things. The performance appraisal is such a n important barometer for finding out the areas where more success could be achieved and where negativities could be subsided. This is the reason why the performance appraisal system has been given the legal cover that it richly deserves, and its clauses have been backed up by research, evidence and logic. The past records have been adequately understood before a decision is made to find out where the employees went wrong and what have been the areas that they have not been able to tap (Donovan, 2011). Moving further ahead, these performance appraisals highlight how good the employees have been as well. Even the minutest of their successes and achievements are highlighted and projected to the employers who now have to make a decision as to whether the employees deserve a raise, a promotion or any other financial lift-up. This is because the performance appraisals are usually very daring and look to find the positives and negatives in a cut throat fashion. There are not any negatives that will not be covered during the length of the performance appraisals and this has been duly mentioned within the coining up of the performance appraisals. The people who are drafting these performance appraisals have to take into consideration a number of areas so that the employees do not feel left out of the whole equation and believe in getting what they truly deserve (Shaw, 2011). It is their collective effort which counts for the work to become better and more organized within the contexts of the organization. The employees therefore receive what they want to achieve if they have given their best and made the organization aware of their endeavors, efforts and undertakings. This shall solve quite a lot of problems that other performance related systems might just skip. Maximizing individual performance is the need of the hour as far as the organizations are concerned. This is because individual performance can only be enhanced and improved upon if whole-hearted and concerte d efforts are put into place (Beer, 2011). This has been proven true with the advent of time and much success will eventually

Knowledge can be gained from books and scientific observation. What Essay

Knowledge can be gained from books and scientific observation. What are some other important sources of knowledge andd why are they valuable - Essay Example The people from whom we learn something from are normally designated as authority. Apart from family, other common authority figures are celebrities. There is a lot of information that you can learn from authorities. However, this does not mean that they are always right. You can use rationalization to come up with many amazing facts. This is to say that when you are presented with a fact, you can deduce something else from it. For example, if all cats have hair and Baggs is a cat. Then Baggs has got hair. When using deductions to learn something new, the original two statements have to be true. However, deduction and rationality has its own downsides which can be referred to as logical fallacies. An example of a fallacy is as follows: All cats have got hair. Baggs has got hair. Therefore, Baggs is a cat. The third statement is a fallacy in itself and it can apply in any complex situation. That is why there is need to be extra careful when deducing facts. If you do not have information at hand about something, it is better not to deduce anything as doing so might lead to problems and misinformation. Intuition is one of the natural reactions that are very hard to understand, but it is one of the most accurate sources of information. Insight is the knowledge you have about something and it can be learned from books, scientific observation or experience. In most cases, intuition and insight go hand in hand. Intuition and instinct are somehow interlinked. Intuition is a like a small voice that tells you what to do and instinct is the action that results from the intuitive feeling. If you have some insight into something, then you will intuitively react to it the right way. For instance, you will know to slap at a mosquito when it bites you. This intuitive action is as a result of the insight you have about mosquitoes. Relying on intuition alone to come up with solutions to tough

Effects of Managerial Behaviours and Leadership Styles Essay

Effects of Managerial Behaviours and Leadership Styles - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the evolution of industrialization paved the way for modern management practices and the emphasis shifted from autocratic management to human relations style of management. The human resources, once considered as menial labor earned importance through their inventive and innovative ways. The next phase revolved around establishing efficient processes and systems for gaining an advantage in the market. This practice was followed by the marvels of leadership in the business domain. With time it got apparent that businesses that realized the importance of human resources and their skills grew in size and acquired a competitive advantage in the market. These businesses deliberately designed intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for their employees, in order to keep them motivated and loyal. An inquiry into the research conducted on the subject matter of motivation reveals that employees tend to value intrinsic rewards more while extrinsic ones w ith time became tertiary. Within the scope of intrinsic rewards, the decision-making practices by management and behavior of managers towards employees acquired immense importance. Those managers that can gather their teams under one objective and achieve results were valued, consequently, those who could not motivate their teams became redundant in the modern era. After going through many ups and downs organizations realized that both employee’s motivation and their sustainability depends on the decision making the ability of power players within the company. A manager or leader is entrusted to keep their subordinates motivated and actively working towards achievement of organizational goals. As a driving force within the organization poor leadership or managerial behavior can result in colossal damages. These damages can range from quantitative damages in form of monetary returns and decreased revenues to qualitative damages such as reputation in the market decreased goodwi ll and demotivated employees. Modern firms realized this threat and consequences of bad decision making; hence as a precaution, these organizations invested heavily in leadership development programs. These programs were geared towards identifying and developing incumbents into future leaders. Those who cannot only motivate their teams towards desired organizational objectives but also have the business acumen that can help them in facing future challenges. Additionally, these organizations refined their decision-making approach and practices such as mentoring; counseling and brainstorming were adopted by these organizations, in order to develop effective leaders who can take timely decisions. With the rise of a knowledge economy, visionary leaders became the scarcest commodity in the marketplace. Regardless of the product, size and prevailing market dynamics, it is proven through many case studies that effective leaders can take organizations to greater heights. These leaders have unique characteristics and attributes while their decision-making style suites the appropriate situation. Organizations these days understand that in today’s economically fragile and dynamic marketplace, poor decisions made by individuals or appalling attitude towards employees or customers can devastate an organization.

Globalization and Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization and Music - Research Paper Example In numerous regions across the world, the first few decades of the 20th century marked the immense movement of music across the world. One notable group that profited from the upsurge of technological innovation was the Beatles whose performance was the first to be satellite broadcast all over the world. The Beatles had also travelled all over the world and had made records in different languages. Arguably, the Beatles in many ways represented the first globalization of music and entertainment. This group had travelled to countries in Asia and Europe where they had performances. Another example is that of Bob Marley who became an internationally renowned music star in the 1970’s (Achterberg et al. 5). This wave of world music is as a result of the numerous waves of distribution, exchange, appropriation and movement. Notably, the changes in technology have also brought about the evolution of music through the advent of novel hybrid styles of music. These technologies are almost in all regions of the world and have allowed musicians and producers to reproduce music that appeals to all.

Economic Implications of the EU's Single Currency on German Economy Dissertation

Economic Implications of the EU's Single Currency on German Economy - Dissertation Example Methodology 3.1 Research approach and technique ----------------------------------------------------26 3.2 Sources and collection of data --------------------------------------------------------27 3.3 Data analysis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------28 3.4 Ethics in research------------------------------------------------------------------------28 3.5 Research limitations---------------------------------------------------------------------29 3.6 Credibility and verification ------------------------------------------------------------30 4. Results from macroeconomic data 4.1 German economy after the adoption of euro--------------------------------------32 4.2 Current effect on Germany----------------------------------------------------------32 4.3 Understanding the macro level effects on the economy-------------------------34 5. Discussion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 6. ... Germany is considered to be a very strong economy and its economic performance has been remarkable. The adoption of euro as the single currency has been an important event. The adoption of this policy was thought to bring about favorable changes to employment, growth and budget allocation but it was seen that since the adoption of the above stated policy the country had faced serious problems and that has been shown with the help of various macroeconomic indicators like unemployment, Gross Domestic Product, Inflation, and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Hishow, 2007, p.3). CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Economic and monetary union was suggested by the European Commission in the year 1998. They had predicted that this would encourage more investment, help increase competition, rejuvenate the European economy and the single market, and benefit the population of Europe with respect to their work and travel requirements. Some of the greatest arguments in favor of the single currency move were th at, it would result in integration of the markets of Europe and the removal of uncertainties that result from an unpredicted exchange rate. It was also expected to increase the mobility of capital and induce transparent pricing. The European Commission carried out a research and came out with estimation that 0.33 percent of European GDP was lost in the process of conversion of currency or as transaction costs. A traveler in Europe could have spent nothing but still would have lost a significant amount of money by only changing currencies. The system was seen as one which would introduce lesser volatile interest rates, thereby supporting low inflation and higher growth. Optimists believed that the Euro would reach the same state as of the Dollar and share the spotlight. It would make

Postmodernism as Philosophical Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Postmodernism as Philosophical Style - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism as Philosophical Style" examines postmodernism direction in philosophy. It is one of the stages characterizing the evolution of humankind philosophy. At first, the philosophy arena was dominated by pre-modernism, and then came the modernism thoughts and ideologies. Postmodernism is meant to challenge and evaluates the validity of the preceding philosophical direction, which was modernism. Postmodernism can be described as the rhetorical and strategic application of concepts like repetition, simulacrum, and difference to criticize other concepts like the historical progresses of ideology, epistemic certainty, and the universality of meaning. Postmodern philosophical thinking highlights some of the demerits of modernism as a direction of thinking. Postmodernists criticize by terming modernity as a western philosophy, which is outdated in the modern times. The most fundamental elements of postmodern ideology are the questions concerning the validity of Christian ity, truth and the general mentality. Postmodern philosophers question the validity of Christianity as a central feature of human morality. It asserts that the western philosophy continues to rely on ancient and traditional theological principles, capitalism, and rigid political systems. It also criticizes the aspect the irrational and unfair trade-off that exists between energy and the environment for their selfish economic reasons. France and Italy still work with the concepts developed from the structural revolution.

Civil Servants in Cyprus and the United Kingdom Research Proposal

Civil Servants in Cyprus and the United Kingdom - Research Proposal Example Though both countries are members of the European Union, they have quite different histories. Cyprus's past has been more turbulent in the past several hundred years than the UK. Great Britain was, of course, the most far reaching empire in the world - as such it developed an extensive civil service during the Victorian era. The UK's civil service has undergone many policy changes over time. This paper's focus will be on the changes and administration of the past half century, especially that from 1993 to the present year. The rational for this paper is to propose and guide future research. As such a preliminary literature search has been completed. Other steps and methods in this research process will be discussed in this paper. These steps and processes may include: (1) further literature search, particularily intenal government doucments and reports, and internal civil service literature such as departmental newspapers, (2) one or more suverys, and the analysis of those surveys, and (3) interviews if and where possible. This paper begins with a discussion of the details of the preliminary research, then continues on to discuss the three other steps and approaches above. Scholarly information on Cyprus is much m... As information is limited on Cyprus, a discussion of training methods of civil servants will be included as a way to further understand the evaluation of civil servants in Cyprus. Information on Cyprus, like the United Kingdom has gone through several changes in human resources management training and evaluation practices since the 1960s (Mann , 2001). Using information from Mann's 2001 article, and from sources that Mann cited in that article, this paper will discuss three topics for each time period. The first topic will be the reason(s) that training is provided (What is the purpose of training) (Mann , 2001). The second topic will be how the training is designed (What approach is taken to training) (Mann , 2001). The final topic will be what the training covers (What is the focus of the training) (Mann , 2001). More attention will be given to the last topic, as it is at the heart of what the civil servants will be evaluated on later. United Kingdom An inital literature search was done on the United Kingdom, as the orginal plan for the research was to compare civil service evaluation methods between Cyprus and the UK. However, like many research processes, the orginal plan has changed to just focus on Cyprus. The information on the UK will still be used on occasion in the finished paper and so has been included here - both to document the work completed to date, and to discuss information that might be used in the final paper. There is a wealth of information available on the civil service in the United Kingdome. Of particular interest to the proposed paper are: Tony Bovid and Ken Russell's 2007 article in Public Administration "Civil Service Reform in the UK, 1999-2005: Revolutionary Failure or Evolutionary

What Is Meant by a Whats More B Essay Example for Free

What Is Meant by a Whats More B Essay When the phrase â€Å"A, What’s More B, comes to mind one may quickly think of the word parallelism.† Parallelism is the joining together of related ideas to form a complete thought† (Fields, 2008). Additionally, parallelism relates to the written communication between the phrases of poetic lines which are found in certain books of the Bible. Many examples of parallelism are found in the books of Proverbs and Psalms. When one completes a parallelism it is then referred to as a line. Each of these lines must include at least two or more poetic phrases and or colons. â€Å"Lines in this case are referred to as bi-colon and tri-colon, the first colon is referred to as â€Å"A† and the next line is referred to as â€Å"B,† generally, the second phrase carries the first thought forward in a more detailed way. Today’s understood pattern of interpretation is A, what’s more B† (Longman, 2010).According to Fields, (2008), â€Å"The number of lines in a thought unit is determined by the lexical (meaning) content of the lines.† Referring back to the question at hand which is; â€Å"What is meant by the phrase â€Å"A† What’s More â€Å"B†? This phrase is simply a pattern used to interpret. One may quickly reference this fact by reading some of the poetry that is written in Hebrew Bibles. A few examples of the usage of this biblical poetry patterns are listed below. My first example comes from the book of Psal ms. â€Å"Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path† (Psalms 119:105). This verse can easily be written in parallel form such as; your word is; 1.A lamp to my feet 2.A light for my path In this example notice that the word lamp and light are paralleled as are the words my feet and my path are. My next example comes from the book of Proverbs, â€Å"My son, do not forget my teaching, but keep my commands in your heart† (Proverbs 3:1). This verse may be written in parallel form as follows; 1. My son, do not forget my teaching 2. But keep my commands in your heart In this verse we see that the words my teachings are paralleled to the words my commands. â€Å"Poetry is the type of literature which uses concentration literary devices to embellish the author’s message in a way that is memorable† (Fields, 2008). In conclusion, the author of this paper has explained to the best of her knowledge what is meant by the phrase, â€Å"What is Meant by â€Å"A† What’s More â€Å"B,† as well as has given a few examples of verses from the Bible broken down into parallelism as they refer to the connection of the different poetic lines. References Benner, J. (1999) â€Å"An Introduction to Ancient Hebrew† Retrieved on September 12, 2013 from: http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/1_introduction.html Fields, M. (2008) â€Å"Hebrews for the Rest of Us† Grand Rapids Mi. Zondervan Longman, T (2010), â€Å"How to Read Psalms† Retrieved on September 12, 2013 from; http://www.scribd.com/doc/27582639/Tremper-Longman-How-to-Read-the-Psalms

Analysis of Our Day Out

Analysis of Our Day Out Willie Russells Our Day Out is a play which uses humour which covers some serious issues including some serious messages. The play is set in Liverpool; where the author was originally from. The story is about a school trip for a progress class visiting an old castle wreck in Wales however, the progress visits more than the old ruins. The central plot is that Mrs. Kay; the class teacher to give the progress class an opportunity to have fun but this opportunity for the kids tells us of the dissimilarities between the teaching styles of Mrs. Kay and Mr. Briggs. Russell uses this chance to tell us that staff sometimes hides their real feelings but show them when they are enjoying themselves show a completely different side of themselves. This play has several different themes, one of the main themes of the play is: what does the government do for underprivileged children who do not really have a chance to reach the levels. This theme is shows what Willie Russell really thought of the way education was dealt with during 1977. I think Mrs. Kay is the kind of person which is quite calm and collected, Mrs Kay stares at him. She could blow up but she doesnt. This undoubtedly tells you that she can contain herself when angry. She is also very much like an activist as given away by this quote, Ah well well just have to deal with him the best way we can. This precisely portrays her sense of cheerfulness in an attitude which gives of the sense that shes telling you to make the best of what you got. A clear attribute of Mrs Kay is her mother-like care for the pupils as shown by, She always reminds me of a mother hen rather than a teacher. This plainly displays that she wouldnt care if her pupils didnt have education as long as they were happy and safe. Kevin Bryant come here, this quote effectively presents the fact that she knows how to be discipline her pupils. She also gets involved in their games and activities showing that she does more than care for her pupils, that is strongly illustrated by, A game of foot ball is in progress. Mrs Kay is in goal. The quote do you could educate these kids my remedial kids, correctly expresses her belief that there isnt any hope for her pupils to do well in their future life. I believe the reason why Mrs Kay is concerned a lot for her pupils for the reason that she feels that they have no possibility of achievement in their life and other than giving them an education she wants to give them a better chance at being happy by making sure they enjoy themselves before what she believes is the inevitably despondent years that lie ahead. I believe Mr Briggs is someone who provides different attitude to Mrs Kay during the play. Mr Briggs is also intimidating because of, (leaning in close, threatening) Now listen here young lady I dont like your attitude one bit! This powerfully portrays his threatening position and selection of words. He can also get pretty grouchy, (begrudgingly) Morning, He can be very insulting to other people behind their backs which is visibly shown in, Weve got a right head case of a driver. The quote, Youve got some real bright sparks here, suggests a sarcastic way of speech which is to be expected a frequent part of his personality. Dont you mean try and find her, this quote cunningly displays the idea that he has an unenthusiastic view on the world but a logical one, so he always anticipates the worst but not without any proper reasons. I felt Mr Briggs finds it effortful to show care or affection for his pupils for a long-lasting stage of time and considers that education and presenting th e children little affection that will give them the best chance of success in later life, which is the opposite to Mrs. Kays view. Mrs Kay is a open-minded teacher who wishes her pupils to have fun, at the expense of learning, I get the impression she sees education as one long game. She also gives the pupils full control in other word full freedom, In another part of the castle the kids are rushing about playing medieval cowboys and Indians. Mrs Kay sits in a bench overlooking the scene. She may be a pleasant teacher to have for the reason that she puts the happiness of the pupils before their education. She lectures that primarily a pupil must have fun and be shown love and affection before education is even declared. The inconvenience in being taught by Mrs Kay is that the pupils childhood life will be much happier and endurable; by the time they depart from school they will not really have any education and it inevitable that their futures will be unwelcoming and wretched. Mr Briggs teaches in a usual style which engages in not presenting the pupils love and sympathy by enforcing discipline and educating th em properly, It might look like love and kindness but if you ask me I dont think it does the kids a scrap of good,. These two statements, Sit down! We dont wander up and down the aisle. We talk quietly to our neighbour, not shout at our mates, and, Briggs with a group of ordered school children, the customary teaching concept of rules, militaristic discipline and control. Mr Briggs may not be pleasurable as a teacher because of his belief of not allowing the pupils to take pleasure in themselves which will lead to leaving school as educated, regimented and as sensible people. He might be more advantageous as a teacher because you would get taught properly which could immensely enhance the likelihood that you would get an excellent career and a clear future because of that.

High Speed Wireless Broadband Network in Malaysia

High Speed Wireless Broadband Network in Malaysia The intention of this final year project is to study about the high speed wireless broadband network in Malaysia. This project consists of two major parts; which are investigating of problems of service in wireless broadband network and improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia. For each part, is further divided into the making of comparison between wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. The research part requires the study about the improvement and enhancement about the wireless broadband technology in Malaysia and the latest technology that can be implement in Malaysia. In this project, for the comparison part, focused on famous and big company of wireless broadband provider such as Celcom ,DiGi,Telekom Malaysia and P1WiMAX in their technology and problems occur. Apart from this, we will know the best technology in wireless broadband. The project of the development of wireless technology throughout Malaysia should be view not only from the provider side but also from the user point of view. Furthermore, user wants the best for them and the main aspect in enhancing the wireless technology in Malaysia. This final year project gave exposure in about all the technology been used in implementing the wireless technology. Any related or useful knowledge gained during formal study was able to be applied during the completion of this project. Furthermore, this project also gave valuable experience throughout the research in searching for the information. This project is very useful and meaningful as high speed wireless broadband has a very wide range of user. The technology is usually use to connect people everywhere and one of the key of information. The advantages in using wireless broadband over fixed line cable of these systems are wireless technology not using any cable so it is wireless and portable. It also has premier performance depending on the technology being used. MOTIVATION: The author has been motivated to write this report for various reasons.Scientific research in the wireless multimedia communication field is growing fast.Futhermore,the design of different technologies in wireless broadband technology offering different performance will make the author eager to find out the best for both users and providers. The impressive evolution of mobile networks and the potential of wireless multimedia communication pose many questions to operators,manufacturers and scientists working in the field.The future scenario is open to several alternatives such as thoughts,proposals and activities of the near future could provide the answer to open points and dictate the better and improved trends of wireless world.Because of this,the author is very enthusiasm to participate in the research to the Malaysia in enhancing and developing the wireless technology. Nowadays, the usage of Internet is become essential in humans life. Internet can help us in doing many tasks in our daily life. One can say that life mean nothing without Internet market. However the browsing activity will occur some problems such as the coverage, speed and other limitation. This phenomenon has inspired the author to research the high speed wireless technology that will bring benefit to the user. This research will help both provider and user in bringing wireless technology to the further stage. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: The main objective of this project is to study and research about the high speed wireless broadband network and to compare the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. The research will reveal the best provider and technology for the customer to choose. Therefore, in order to achieve the target, the objectives listed below should be met. Firstly is to analyze on each technology that been use to come out with the best technique to make this wireless technology better. Secondly, is to study the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia and finally, the most crucial part of the project is to make comparisons between main wireless broadband network provider in Malaysia by considering in many aspect such as their technology, problems and services. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: In this project, a detail research about wireless broadband in Malaysia had been studied. For the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband part, the main goal is to improve and enhance the technology of the wireless. The requirement for this research is the wireless broadband technology must require both provider and user satisfaction. Both providers and users want to improve coverage, call quality, lower the cost, traffic management and the services. All of this can be achieve by using better technology such as HSDPA,iBurstâ„ ¢,WiMAX and others so that the final product will be easy to install, best quality, affordable and portable The main wireless in Malaysia are DiGi,P1WiMAX,Celcom and Maxis. This provider use different technology for last mile. So, comparison has been proceed between those technologies so find their pro and cons. This report and project is intended for use by graduate students approaching research activities in the wireless communications area and by professional engineers and project managers involve in wireless design,aiming for better and at consolidating their future vision of the wireless multimedia world. Current mobile and wireless system and architectural concepts must evolve in order to cope with complex connectivity requirements and also users need. Scientific research in this truly multidisciplinary field is growing fast. This project will discover and reveal about the new technologies,new architectural concepts and new challenges that are emerging. PROJECT ARRANGEMENT This project comprises of two major parts which are compare and research part. For the comparison part, it can be further separated into the customer side and the provider side.In order to satisfy both sides,survey been made and interview been proceed.The information achieved from the company will be private and confidential similar to the personal information of the customer .This is true data from both side without any hesitate from them. This project was handled by two persons. The persons who are involved in this project are the author and partner; The author is responsible in improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia while Nur Kamila Mohd Kamil is responsible in investigating of problems of service in wireless broadband network.Both of us will focus on comparison between the main wireless provider is Malaysia. THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROGRESS OF THE PROJECT: Initial Stage: Initially, a complete and comprehensive literature review is done to gain as many information as possible, to ensure a thorough understanding before any planning or generating of ideas is done to generally start the project. The entire literature review consists of a variety of information obtained from the Internet, books, journals that have information about wireless broadband. Development Stage: In this development stage, the entire information gathered in the first stage is investigating all the information collected at the first stage.At this stage also we have done comparing the wired cable and also wireless broadband by interviewing Telekom Berhad.We distributing survey to know customer point of view.To collect more information,we also interview other broadband provider. Final Stage In this final stage, the process for this project becomes more complicated and specific. It is because this final stage deals with compiling and analyzing the data and information collected at the initial and development stage. However, collecting data is still proceed in this stage as there are a lot of information and wireless broadband is getting wider and the technology are getting better day by day. That is why this stage is very important in learning how to adapt the technologies that never stop growing, which is invaluable to any engineering student. CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This report has been conceived to cover several traditionally separated chapters,there by offering the complete guide to approach issues related to the wireless multimedia communication network improvement and enhancement. Chapter 1 covers the objectives that the author wants to achieve to ensure the success of this project and the overall ideas related to the project are explained in detail. Chapter 2 covers literature review on the improving and enhancing the wireless broadband and background of the major technologies that been studied in completing this project. This chapter contains a brief overview of all the theory that was collected throughout the researched. Chapter 3 covers methodology involved in this project. The method to obtain all those result described. Chapter 4 contains result from the analyzing all the data collected in this project through research, interview and survey. This result is described base on the theory researched before. Chapter 5 contains the conclusion for the entire project and its achievements.Recommendations for future improvement is also stated in this chapter. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW: In this chapter 2,the report will provides the readers with all those technologies adopted in current wireless communication systems and the author also presents some proposed the latest technologies that already implement abroad to be done in Malaysia.This chapter will be devided into 2 parts; improvement part and enhancement part.Chapter 2 also explained about the Malaysias government plan in developing broadband technology and also overview about the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. INTRODUCTION TO BROADBAND: Any type of transmission technique that carries some data channels over a common wire refers to broadband.DSLservice, combines separate voice and data channels over a single telephone line, is one of the case of broadband technology. Broadband constitutes any form of high-speed Internet access using this transmission technique in home networking. Voice fills the low end of the frequency spectrum and data fills the high end in DSL. General broadband Internet technologies are both DSL and cable modem. Devices that support both DSL and cable are broadband routersand broadbandmodems.Fiber (FTTH)and fixed wireless are other types of home broadband. Can bear the network bandwidth at least 256Kbpsfor connections in one direction is a general guideline to meet the criteria as a broadband Internet service. The term broadband generally refers to high-speed Internet access that faster than the typical dial-up access and that is always on. Broadband is dissimilar from dail-up where broadband service supplies higher-speed of data transmission. The transmission pipeline will allows extra content to be carried through it. On the other hand, broadband offers access to the highest quality Internet services such as streaming media, VoIP (Internet phone), gaming, and interactive services. Many of these current and newly-developing services require the transition of large amounts of data that may not be technically practical with dial-up service. Therefore, broadband service may be ever more necessary to access the full range of services and opportunities that the Internet can offer. Broadband is always on so there is no need to reconnect to network after logging off. For this reason it does not block phone lines. Broadband has less delay in transmission of content. (http://www.broadband.gov/about_broadband.html). Broadband in Malaysia: Malaysian broadband users are growing in numbers every day.According to an AC Nielsen survey in 2009,Malaysians ranked third in the global ranking of the Digital media consumers,who spend over 20 hours a week watching streamed or downloaded content from the Internet.It is undeniable that there is a growing need from Malaysians for a better broadband service.The reason why broadband has become a necessity is because moving to tne web-o-sphere is inevitable for any corporate entity today.The broadband and Internet opens up a host of business opportunities,options and solutions allowing market expansion and growth.Broadband enable Malaysian to communicate.They can communicate via e-mail as well as other social networking sites and the Internet sometimes functions as students virtual classroom and for students course work. Broadband service is an important need of companies.They could suffer losses as slow services would hinder the online experience.As Malaysian are already in the IT world, Malaysian dont just need a broadband service,but need one that is better.As Malaysia is develops,the usage of the internet becomes even more vital as Malaysia has a high number of users,Internet service providers should cater the best for the users.Broadband service is a necessity for the corporate world as well as personal use.Internet is the integral part of the modern world.It is time for Malaysian to enjoy something that they need less hassle as technologies have allowed room for improvement in the Internet service. (daripade malay mail paper). Malaysia National Broadband Initiative (NBI). The National Broadband Initiative is the governments initiative to provide broadband service to the whole country and highspeed broadband with high economic activities.The target is to connect 50 percent of Malaysian households to broadband by 2010.This measurement on household will futher be enhanced by considering other elements that would better reflect the use of broadband by the citizen such as taking into account cellular mobile penetration,PC ownership,use of internet in Community Broadband Centres,office and school.Under the NBI,highspeed broadband service will be 10Mbs and below.The era of slow Internet (dail-up) connection will be over and of course broadband will transfer peoples lives. The aim is to narrow the gap between the haves in urban areas,and have-nots in rural areas,often referred to as the digital divide.This imbalance in communication access can have social ramifications if not address at the nation al level.In Malaysia,the push to narrow down the gap between the urban and rural has been entrusted to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commision (MCMC).MCMC is mandated to work towards narrowing the inequalities of access that exist in underserved areas and populations.MCMC has overseen project that have steadily reduced the number of areas that were not served by telecommunications services. Speeding Up Malaysias Tranformation: ICT and Internet are recognised as vital support services and platform in driving all other sectors in the social economic growth of nations along the lines of knowledge based and Digital economy.As a logical follow-through of the ICT development for the country following earlier related initiatives in computerization,upgrading and Digitalisation of the communications networks,the introduction of the multimedia super corridor (MSC) in the 1996,the advent and the phenomenal take up the Internet and IP-based technologies,the nation has indeed stepped up with the introduction of NBI in October 2004. The strategy adopted under the NBI was to address the availability of broadband as an engine of growth and need to bridge the Digital divide with the objective of providing equitable access to communication services. More importantly ,the citizen have access to basic amenities to basic amenities through the Internet such as health and emergency services,schools, government and local services and of course other consumer services. Under NBI, rural communities will be connected to broadband services through the Community Broadband Centre located throughout the country.The competitive environment generated by the communications and multimedia industry has propelled the widespread adoptation of broadband through availability of affordable package and choices to the Malaysian public hence increasing the connectivity of the citizen and reach to market. Moving Towards Innovation Economy: With broadband,Malaysian will have access to the Internet,information and services that can be capitalised to improve socio-economic standing.Rural communities in the hard-to-reach places especially,can use broadband to gather useful information and access to services at their fingertips,without having to go far and wide.Broadband is expected to have tangible impact on Malaysias Gross Domestic Product (GDP).It will increase national competitiveness and foreign direct investments plus enable a knowledge-based and innovation driven economy.NBI targets 50 percents households to get broadband service by end of 2010.It is a government initiative to provide infrastructure in line with the new economic model,aims to transform Malaysia into knowledge based society generating the high income economy. In overall term, it aims to improve,the nations socio-economic standing globally.As the NBI will provide the service to the whole country,so every one will be entitled to the broadband service including those in the rural areas.This access to knowledge could be extended to family members and communities which in turn will enrich the nation. With the NBI, economic innovation can also help bridge the socio-economic gap.The broadband service,has leveraged the small medium enterprises and entrepreneurs (SMEs) to market their products to much larger networks via the world wide web.Although there are concerns usage Internet will expose the people to negative influences,but to curb it, Internet also provides the education and knowledge at the fingertip. Malaysias government on its part will take proactive action to prevent negative elements to stringent monitoring and enforcement of laws.Just as much as the country will get the economic benefits there are other aspects that Malaysia can gain from the improvement and enhancement of the broadband service too.The advantage of broadband service are limitless. INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY: Wireless is very essential.Wireless networksis presenting a network having no wires as wireless network can connect your computer to a network using radio waves and so you can move your computer wherever easily. Wireless network has made a network very portable because of digital modulation, adaptive modulation, information compression, and access multiplexing. IT Consulting group with IEEE certified 802.11b technology, introduced wireless networks. With wireless networks, you will experience the privacy and personal computer security extra than before. Air is the medium for the wireless network. A wireless networks have offering very flexible, roaming, high standard and low cost. There are different types of wireless network such as wireless LAN, wireless MAN, and mobile devices network. 2.2.1 Types of Wireless Networks and network usage: Imagine the world is completely without wire. It must be amazing and very comfortable. Without using any wires, by means of communication, a wireless network able to two or more than two computers.Depends on the technology which is using, wireless networksutilizes spread-spectrum orOFDM. User able to travel about within a wide coverage area and they still can be connected to the network with wireless network. There are different types of wireless networking such as wide area network, local area network and personal area network but the most common are of two which are WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) and WMAN(Wireless Metropolitan Area Network). The usage of wireless networking greater than ever gradually because it has influenced vital impact on the world therefore its uses have substantially developed. Through wireless networks, you can send information over the world using satellites. As wireless network utilize to commune significant information speedily, wireless networks used in emergency services like police department nowadays. It doesnt matter to be in a small office or across the world, the growth of wireless network increasing develops both in people and businesses to send and share data rapidly. An extra very important exercise for wireless networks is as a cheap and fast way to be linked to the Internet in regions especially where telecom transportation is insufficient and no source for communication. You can get access to other network resources like Library Online System to make use of wireless networks because to move your laptop anywhere is very easy nowadays. The use of printer, file sharing and other docum ents with high security is also can be implement with wireless network. (http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/wireless-network.html). IMPROVING THE HIGH-SPEED WIRELESS BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY: Commonly, wideband of frequencies is available to send out information is called broadband refers to telecommunication in which a. Because a wide band of frequencies is available, information can be multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or channels within the band concurrently, allowing more information to be transmitted in a given amount of time (much as more lanes on a highway allow more cars to travel on it at the same time). Related terms arewideband(a synonym),baseband(a one-channel band), and narrowband(sometimes meaning just wide enough to carry voice, or simply not broadband, and sometimes meaning specifically between 50cpsand 64Kpbs). Meanwhile wireless mean wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path. Wireless is better than wired cable because wireless technology is portable, has premier performance and flexible configuration and integration. Both provider and user want to improve the coverage.So that,the signal has good indoor penetration for residential and enterprise applications fast rollout and wide coverage.For the wireless broadband company they want to improve and achieve better capacity which can support sufficiently high number of simultaneous users.Call quality is one of the factor that both user and provider want to improve so that it will have low latency, high data-rate and high reliability and uptime.Generally user want to have affordable, differentiated tariff packages that suit different user needs plus low CPE (customer-provided equipment )price. Improving services is also essential so that user has opportunity to replace existing fixed line voice services and upgrade anything regarding their broadband without any complicated policy.Beside that, technology is based on open standard to enable economic of scales and wide adoption.The roadmap of the broadband also must be well defined to enhance technology or broadband services. Traffic management must achieve 80% of the bandwidth for 80% of the users (and not 20% of the users). Broadband should have sufficient spectrum for large-scale deployment long-term growth. Wireless broadband needs to deliver something that is affordable by the user with low cost CPE, low access price, and attractive value-added services -broadband data and voice.Broadband which is easy to install, simple installation and no need for phone lines (broadband on the go) plus best quality which has quick connection and consistently good performance.Finally user want to has portability which has pervasive coverage (including indoor) and always connected. WiMAX: Also known as IEEE 802.16, WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system that is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks. In Malaysia,P1WiMAX is the company that use this technology to implement wireless broadband.WiMAX can give broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 10 miles (5 15 km) for mobile stations. On the contrary, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 300 feet (30 100m). The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for connectingWi-Fi hotspotsto the Internet, providing a wireless alternative to cable andDSLfor last mile broadband access. Besides providing data, telecommunications andIPTVservices (triple play),WiMAX also providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has both a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. Finally WiMAX provides portable connectivity. WiMAX technology: Extending broadband wireless access to new locations and over longer distance,WiMAX (802.16) is the next stage to a broadband .In the wireless world,WiMAX reducing the cost of bringing broadband to new areas. WiMAX (802.16) technology provides wider range and bandwidth than the other available or forthcoming broadband wireless technologies such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). It offers a wireless option to wired backhaul and last mile deployments that use cable modems, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOGS1S), Digital Subscriber Line technologies (DSL), T-carrier and E-carrier (Tx/Ex) systems and Optical Carrier Level (OC-x) technologies. Based on the typical connection to the public wireless networks by using optical fibre, microwave link, cable or any other high speed connectivity, the backhaul of the WiMAX (802.16) is created. Mesh networks, Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) connectivity is also used as a backhaul in a few cases. WiMAX (802.16) should use Point-to-Point antennas as a backhaul ideally to join subscriber sites to each other and to basestations across long distance. A Subscriber Station (WiMAX CPE) typically serves a building using wired or wireless LAN.Using Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) or LOS Point-to-Multi-Point connectivity,a WiMAX basestation serves subscriber stations; both connections is referred to as the last mile communication.WiMAX (802.16) should use NLOS Point-to-Multi-Point antennas to connect residential or business subscribers to the WiMAX Basestation (BS) preferably. Type of WiMAX and receiver: TheWiMAXfamily of standards (802.16) focus on two types of usage models which are afixed WiMAXusage model and amobile WiMAXusage model. Thefixed WiMAXserves the stationary and pedestrian classes meanwhile amobile WiMAXnetwork access system is one that can address the vehicular class Until now one of the important restrictions to the widespread acceptance of WiMAX has been the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver). This is not only the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) itself, but also that of installation. The idea of a self-installed WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) has been difficult for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) from the beginning, but with the arrival of WiMAX technology this issue seems to be getting resolved. In the past, BWA has been predominantly Line Of Sight (LOS), requiring highly skilled labour and a truck role to install and provide a service to customer. WiMAX design: Internal devices and a WiMAX tower are the contents of aWiMAX basestation. Some other and environmental issues bound the limits of WiMAX range to 10 km or 6 miles. A WiMAX basestation can normally covers the area of about 50 kilometres or 30 miles radius. The WiMAX basestations would use the media access control layer defines in the standard and would allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth to subscribers according to their requirements on real time basis. Any wireless user within the coverage area would be able to access the WiMAX services. WiMAX in future: Compare to the typical Wi-Fi hot spots, WiMAX technologycan make high speedwireless broadbandInternet services available to much larger areas. Greater than the physical distance limitations of Wi-Fi hot spots or DSL, WiMAX technology can also be used to interconnect existing Wi-Fi networks. WiMAX Technology can play a significant role in helping service providers to deliver converged services that can be accessed using a broad range of devices on a wide variety of networks.WiMAX implementations can provide a wireless range of up to 30 miles or 50 kilometres. By given different capabilities while allowing for seamless integration at the technical level, 3G and WiMAX Technology solutions fit well together. To become highly spectrally efficient, 3G technologies have evolved over many years allowing operators to take benefit of costly spectrum dedicated to mobile services. 3G CDMA technologies such as W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO provide high through puts in low bandwidths as 5 MHz and 1.25 MHz, respectively. Treat to WiMAX and security: WiMAX security, stability and quality of service are some of factors involved in declining the WiMAX technology performance. In this subchapter author is going to discuss the threats involved in WiMAX. WiMAX basestations andWiMAX Customer Premise Equipments are the content of the WiMAX wireless access network. The WiMAX basestations provide network add-on to the WiMAX CPEs. AWiMAX Customer Premise Equipment(WiMAX CPE) selects the one which offers the strongest signal as a servingWiMAX basestation. At this point, aWiMAX basestationand a collection of servedWiMAX Customer Premise Equipments (WiMAX CPEs) play the role of system while the subscriber plays the role of the user. TheMedium Access Control(MAC) layer andphysicallayer are two of most important layers of protocol architecture of WiMAX Technology. Common Partsub layer is the essential part of WiMAX technology layered architecture.MAC ProtocolData Units (PDUs) are constructed, connections are established and bandwidth is managed in this layer. With the Convergence layer, the Common Part (CP) exchangesMACService Data Units (SDUs). Tightly integrated with Common Part is thePrivacy sub layer. With the Physical layer ,the Security sub layer exchanges MAC PDUs. The Convergence layer adapts units of data of higher level protocols to the MAC SDU format, and vice versa. Sorts the incomingMACSDUs by the connections to which they belong by The Convergence layer. Received and transmitted through coding and modulation of radio frequency signals, ThePhysical layeris a two-way mapping between MAC PDUs and Physical layer frames. Type of treats in WiMAX are Rouge Basestation,DoS (Denial of Service) Attacks,Data Link-Layer Threat,Application Layer Threat,Physical Layer Threat,Threat, Authentication, Key, Theft, Water and finally Black Hat Threat. The primaryWiMAX securityconcerns from the point of view of an end user are privacy and data integrity. Users need guarantee that no one can eavesdrop on their sessions and that the data sent across the communication link is not tampered and usually achieved through the use ofWiMAX network encryption. An importantWiMAX securityconsideration is preventing unauthorized use of the network services. From the service providers point of view, using strong authentication and access control methods. The service providers need to prevent fraud should be reasonable against the difficulty that it may impose on the user. Thephysical layer, and theprivacy sub layer are the example of authentication and access controlthat can be implemented at various levels of the network. Multiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology onWiMAX: The use ofMultiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology onWiMAX, which is the technology brand name for the implementation of the standardIEEE 802.16 is called WiMAX MIMO. Multiple Input and Multiple Output or MIMO, refers t

Essay About Odysseus, Adonis, And Thor :: essays research papers

Essay About Odysseus, Adonis, and Thor Section I: "Odysseus Is The Most Cunning Man in the World" Odysseus, son of Procris and Cephalus of the Royal House of Athens, played a major role in the Trojan War. However, the legends of Odysseus do not begin until after the great war. At the end of the war he was separated from the rest of the Greek armies and was forced to wander for ten years until he was reunited with his family. His journeys in those ten years were very similar to Jason's journey in his search for the Golden Fleece. Also, in the course of Odysseus' adventures, he proved himself to be not only a great hero but also a cunning and resourceful man, worthy of the title the most cunning man in the world. There are many similarities between the adventures of Jason and those of Odysseus'. Both heroes proved themselves to be mighty warriors; Jason, when forced to battle against the soldiers of the dragon teeth and Odysseus during the long battles of Troy. Both heroes showed extreme courage in the face of danger and neither shied from doing what was necessary to complete their quest. Both men were also very modest and were able to except help when needed, either form gods or from other mortals. Jason did not hesitate to ask for help from the princess Medea. Odysseus accepted help from a simple sheep herder in order to reclaim his home. Although these two heroes had similar adventures and shared similar qualities, they were very different. The first difference we notice between these two heroes is their lineage. Like most Greek heroes, Jason was a direct descendant of the gods. Odysseus on the other hand was not. He was a member of the Royal House of Athens and not divine as were many of his peers and relatives. Odysseus was also more compassionate than Jason. Jason used people to his own end and then disregarded them. An example of this would be his relationship with Medea. She made him into the hero he was, saved his life many times, and left her homeland to follow her love Jason. Jason, however, upon reaching home with the Golden Fleece, decided to marry a princess to gain more political power. He made this decision with no thought towards Medea's feelings and her love for him. Odysseus, in contrast, was far more loyal to his family and followers. He placed their happiness and safety on an equal or greater level then his own. For instance, when he was on

A Modern Grendel :: Literature, Beowulf

In the epic poem Beowulf, the monster Grendel is depicted as a villainous beast with an unquenchable thirst for human flesh and blood. Grendel, written by John Gardner, though, offers a more nuanced depiction of the beast by describing the events in Beowulf through Grendel's narration. Throughout the story, Grendel adopts various romantic characteristics and beliefs including isolation, individualism, and mysticism. These romantic characteristics, though, foster Grendel's murderous intentions and in turn gives him an anti-hero persona. Nearing the end of the novel, his romantic antihero trends transforms his life into a never ending limbo. His only salvation comes in the form of death. Grendel's' inevitable demise represents inescapable fate. Romanticism places a heavy focus on separation from society. In Gardner's novel, this romantic theme of isolation is echoed when Hrothgar's community rejects Grendel. Grendel, even before he discovers the humans, has always been in a sense alone. His mother is too inarticulate to be considered a truly fulfilling companion and the animals around him are too primitive to even communicate. The only creature that Grendel could ever truly bond with was the human race for they both shared the same language, and intellect. The humans, though, never embrace Grendel. The very first time Grendel attempts communicating with the humans, when he "staggered out into the open and up toward the hall...groaning out, 'Mercy !Peace!'"(51), results with him being nearly killed with spears, arrows, and swords. Humanity, his closest peer, rejects Grendel and forces the beast to live the rest of his life in isolation. But unlike in romanticism, in which isolation is viewed positively, Grendel's lonelines s is shown to be more of a curse than as a boon. Grendel despises his loneliness and it turns him into a spiteful creature whose goal is to destroy Hrothgar. This dedication, fed by a hatred to his loneliness, results in Grendel's transition into an anti-hero. Rather than living peacefully in nature, Grendel chooses to be consumed by the romantic idea that society, specifically Hrothgar's society, is evil, corruptive, and destructive. For Grendel, he comes to the self-realization that he is, "Grendel, Ruiner of mead halls, Wrecker of Kings"(80), and it his duty and fate to kill and eat Hrothgar's citizens. Isolation is not the only aspect of a romantic hero. Individualism and a person's ability to choose their own actions also play an important part. In Gardner's novel, Grendel acts on his own whim and does not follow the advice that others give him.

Readings on Sexuality and Racism :: Sexuality Sex Racism Racist Essays

Readings on Sexuality As I begun to read chapter four I thought that it would be one of the most interesting and informative for me. The further I got in to the reading I realized I couldn’t relate too much of what was said. The first concept I chose was a basic for the chapter, sexuality is not instinctive but learned from our families, our peers, sex education in school, popular culture, negotiations with partners, and listening to our own bodies. I have never thought about my sexuality in that way. As I read I was asking myself, where did I learn to be so sexual, where did it come from? I never realized what I had learned along the way or who from. The second concept I found interesting was that of the word â€Å"vagina.† As the book has said, for many women the word vagina is associated with shame, embarrassment, and silencing, even violation. As I remember I saw a version of The Vagina Monologues at Portland State a few years back and as comfortable as I thought I was with my gender and sexuality I did feel embarrassed. I felt a little ashamed, but as the production went on I found it entertaining. I grew more and more comfortable as the play went on. I also found interesting V-Day College Initiative, a nationwide project to celebrate women and oppose sexual violence. I have never heard of this â€Å"V-Day,† a day for women to come together. One fact I found very interesting was that of the law passed in the state of Alabama on the ban on the sale or distribution of vibrators and other â€Å"devices designed or marketed as primarily useful for the stimulation of human genital organs.† Politics, religion, and other social institutions put limitations on women’s sexuality and sexual expression. It’s not fair for old men passing these laws to tell me what I can and cannot do with my own body; it disgusts me and it hard to think that it still happens today. The third concept happens to be a definition that struck me as interesting, virgin. The word virgin did not originally mean a woman whose vagina was untouched by any penis, but a free woman, one not married, not bound to, not possessed by any man. A woman who is sexually and socially her own person. Why has that definition changed into something held to such high standards?

Critical Thinking and Some Thoughts: Scenario Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh

â€Å"What is the relation between critical thinking in education and good governance†? The participants of the workshop, just like I, seemed to be a bit puzzled and confused hearing the question from the facilitator, Dr. Alan Klien. I was attending a workshop on Critical Thinking last year in BRAC CDM at Savar. Around 35/40 secondary school teachers from different parts of Bangladesh were attending the workshop. It was quite a lively one and at the same time very interesting. The question of Dr. Klien did put us in a kind of perplexity for some time being. But at the end of the workshop, everybody could understand how important critical thinking is in respect to fulfilling the demand of the day. At the same time there was a bitter realization in me that we are not at all helping our cadets in this regard. Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? There are a variety of answers to that question, but most experts agree that it includes the ability for a person to use his/her intelligence, knowledge and skills to question and carefully explore situations to arrive at thoughtful conclusions based on evidence and reason. A critical thinker is able to get past biases and view situations from different perspectives to ultimately improve his/her understanding of the world. Critical thinking is not necessarily â€Å"critical† and negative. In fact, it would be more appropriate to term it as evaluative thinking instead of good thinking. The result of evaluation can range from positive to negative, from acceptance to rejection or anything in-between. In essence, critical thinking is a disciplined manner of thought that a person uses to assess the validity of something: a statement, news story, argument, research, etc Peter Facione, a Dean at Santa Clara University, has commented nicely about critical thinking and the ideal critical thinker: â€Å"We understand critical thinking to be purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based. Since this includes almost all types of logical reasoning,] CT is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, CT is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one's personal and civic life. While not synonymous with good thinking, CT is a pervasive and self-rectifying human phenomenon. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit. Thus, educating good critical thinkers means working toward this ideal. It combines developing CT skills with nurturing those dispositions which consistently yield useful insights and which are the basis of a rational and democratic society. † Critical thinking is not a recent idea. In fact, it dates back to the days of Socrates, the great master. Around 2500 years ago, Socrates established the importance of asking deep questions that probe profoundly into thinking before we accept ideas as worthy of belief. He established the importance of seeking evidence, closely examining reasoning and assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is said but of what is done as well. His method of questioning is now known as â€Å"Socratic Questioning† and is the best known critical thinking teaching strategy. Socrates’ practice was followed by the critical thinking of Plato, Aristotle, and many other Greek scholars. In the Renaissance (15th and 16th Centuries), a good number of scholars in Europe began to think critically about religion, art, society, human nature, law, and freedom. Descartes’ Rules for the Direction of the Mind and Sir Thomas Moore’s Utopia, showed that every domain of the present world was subject to critique. In the Italian Renaissance, Machiavelli’s The Prince critically assessed the politics of the day, and laid the foundation for modern critical political thought. Thus critical thinking has always been given importance for intellectual development. Critical Thinking in education Critical thinking is considered important in the academic fields because it nables one to analyze, evaluate, explain, and restructure their thinking, thereby decreasing the risk of adopting, acting on, or thinking with, a false belief. John Dewey, one of the famous educational leaders, recognized that a curriculum aimed at building thinking skills would be a benefit not only to the individual learner, but to the community and to the entire democracy. Dewey emphasized the significance of critical thinking in learning. There are two meanings to t he learning. The first occurs when learners (for the first time) construct in their minds the basic ideas, principles, and theories that are inherent in content. The second occurs when learners effectively use those ideas, principles, and theories as they become relevant in learners' lives. This is a process of application. Good teachers cultivate critical thinking (intellectually engaged thinking) at every stage of learning, including initial learning. The key is that the teacher who fosters critical thinking fosters reflectiveness in students by asking questions that stimulate thinking essential to the construction of knowledge. Critical thinking skills give students the ability to not only understand what they have read or been shown but also to build upon that knowledge without incremental guidance. It is not simply rote memorization or the ability to absorb lessons unquestioningly. When rote memorization takes precedence over problem solving, logic, and reason, students suffer. There was a time when educators believed that content knowledge was enough for students to succeed. For the most part the information that students learned in school was the same information that their parents learned. Today, however, all of that is changing. The increasing power of technology has created a world where information changes quickly, and new ideas can be distributed and adapted almost instantaneously. It has been seen in a survey that what a student learns in the first year of his graduation course, becomes outdated in the third year. That shows how important it is today that students learn critical thinking skills, so they can be both the inventors and the critics of the new information. Teaching students to think critically is incredibly rewarding for the teachers also because what he/she provides to students is the opportunity for them to understand and take charge of their learning and their lives. Helping students develop critical thinking skills will also have an impact on the classroom. Students will approach the material in a more thoughtful and effective manner, they will ask more and better questions and will participate in the learning process. Students will also develop the skills necessary to evaluate the resources that they consult for research purposes. The benefits to students are innumerable. Developing critical thinking can change a student's life. Students will develop higher order thinking abilities necessary for academic and job success. But more importantly, students will expand the perspectives from which they view the world. Critical thinking skills will help them navigate the important decisions in learning and in life. The Critical Thinking Community says, â€Å"Critical thinking is the art of taking charge of your own mind. Its value is simple: if we can take charge of our own minds, we can take charge of our lives. How to integrate Critical thinking in the process of education Once we acknowledge that critical thinking is an important skill, the question comes can we teach it? The answer is, undoubtedly â€Å"yes†. Thinking can be taught and furthermore that it must be taught in a directed manner providing students with practice evaluating ideas. As teachers, we can very well influence whether a student will lea rn critical thinking skills in our classes. Teaching critical thinking is nothing but helping students discover the answers by themselves. Critical thinking can occur whenever one judges, decides, or solves a problem; in general, whenever one must figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable and reflective way. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening can all be done critically or uncritically. It is a way of taking up the problems of life. When anyone improves his/her critical thinking skills, it helps to increase problem solving-skills and deep-thinking elements. All of these skills relate to one part of the brain, and the more one use them the easier it will be to apply them. The list of core critical thinking skills includes observation, interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and meta-cognition. Irrespective of the context or discipline â€Å"a well-cultivated critical thinker†: †¢raises important questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely †¢gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively †¢comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards †¢thinks open-mindedly within alternative ystems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences †¢communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems, without being unduly influenced by others' thinking on the topic. Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines. The concepts and principles of critical thinkin g can be applied to any context or case but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application. Thus there may be critical thinking such as anthropological thinking, sociological thinking, historical thinking, political thinking, psychological thinking, philosophical thinking, mathematical thinking, chemical thinking, biological thinking, ecological thinking, legal thinking, ethical thinking, musical thinking, thinking like a painter, sculptor, engineer, business person, etc. In other words, though critical thinking principles are universal, their application to disciplines can be contextualized. A teacher of any subject who insists on accuracy and a rational control of all processes and methods, and who holds everything open to unlimited verification and revision, is cultivating that method as a habit in the pupils. The art of Socratic questioning is intimately connected with critical thinking because the art of questioning is important to excellence of thought. What the word â€Å"Socratic† adds to the art of questioning is systematic way, depth, and an abiding interest in assessing the truth or plausibility of things. Both critical thinking and Socratic questioning share a common end. Critical thinking provides the conceptual tools for understanding how the mind functions in its pursuit of meaning and truth; Socratic questioning employs those tools in framing questions essential to the pursuit of meaning and truth. The goal of critical thinking is to establish an additional level of thinking to our thinking, a powerful inner voice of reason, that monitors, assesses, and reconstitutes—in a more rational direction—our thinking, feeling, and action. Integrating Socratic questions in the following manner in the classroom help develop active, independent learners. 1) Getting students to clarify their thinking e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Could you explain further? 2) Challenging students about assumptions e. g. , ‘Is this always the case? ’, ‘Why do you think that this assumption holds here? ’3) Evidence as a basis for argument e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Is there reason to doubt this evidence? ’4) Alternative viewpoints and perspectives e. . , ‘What is the counter argument for? ’, ‘Can/did anyone see this another way? ’5) Implications and consequences e. g. , ‘But if what happened, what else would result? ’, ‘How does†¦.. affect†¦? ’ 6) Question the question e. g. , ‘Why do you think that I asked that question? ’, ‘Why was that question important? ’, ‘Which of your questions turned out to be the most useful? ’ A set of activities associated with improvement in higher order thinking skills can be emphasized during classroom teaching: analyzing the basic elements of an idea, experience, or theory, such as examining a particular case or situation †¢ working on papers or projects that required integrating ideas or information from various sources †¢ putting together ideas or concepts from different courses when completing assignments or during class discussion †¢ synthesizing and organizing ideas, information, or experiences into new, more complex interpretations and relationships †¢ making judgments about the value of information, arguments or methods, such as examining how others gathered and interpreted data, and assessing the soundness of their conclusions †¢ examining the strengths and weaknesses of one’s own views on a topic or issue Critical Thinking and the education system in Bangladesh Education should enable a human being to attain the greatest possible harmony, internal and external, spiritual and material, for the fullest possible development of human potentialities and capacities. It is generally felt that our educational system has not followed the desired aims as a result that it does not produce ideal citizens in the country. It has followed, rather a narrow aim of preparing individuals for livelihood. If we want our students to effectively deal with the tremendous challenges of the 21 century, we must begin teaching students to discipline their own thinking. Teachers must move beyond rote and merely active engagement, and work toward transforming how students reason through complex issues, to look beyond easy answers. We must teach students that the only way to learn a subject or discipline is to learn to think within the logic of it, to focus on its purposes, questions, information, to think within its concepts and assumptions. We need to make them understand how can we hope to thoughtfully address the economic issues, conflicts, world poverty, and many other pressing concerns that trouble our planet, if we don't think seriously? We can't. To effectively deal with these issues, we must cultivate the spirit of critical thinking throughout human societies. The quality of our life and all of the decisions we make depend on the quality of thought and undoubtedly it can improve the condition of the country, too. For students to learn content, intellectual engagement is crucial. All students must do their own thinking, their own construction of knowledge. Good teachers recognize this and therefore focus on the questions, readings, activities that stimulate the mind to take ownership of key concepts and principles underlying the subject. Teaching critical thinking, especially, in the perspective of our country, can be challenging. Here students have so far, got very little chance to do things by themselves. As a result they have grown a tendency to depend on the teacher and rarely give any time for thinking. They become used to rote memorization. Finally when the students go for higher education or later in job and start facing challenges, they feel helpless. Considering the prevailing examination system, it appears to be very difficult to make students practice on critical thinking, but not impossible at all. We have to grow a habit as well as interest in the students for critical thinking. Otherwise how do educators instill in students a desire to think? For logically if there is no desire to think, it becomes much more challenging to improve the critical thinking in students. Recently creative type question method has been introduced in the country. Trainings are taking place. What I have heard so far is that there is almost no directive in those training sessions to prepare the students for this new system. It seems to be ridiculous. When a new system is introduced, the students must be given clear ideas because they are the guinea pigs in any new system in Bangladesh. They must know how to write these new set of questions properly. But without making the students involved in the thinking process and only training teachers to set up creative type question paper is not enough. We have to prepare our students in such a manner so that they can utilize their thinking power in all levels. Again, already there have been lot many guide books on creative type questions that have been published and not only the students but also the teachers are taking help from them. So what is the result? Though it is creative system, the students are memorizing answers and following the same traditional method. In many developed countries, Critical Thinking is taught as a different course. As it is not possible in our country right now, we can slowly change our teaching style, or better to say, add some components of critical thinking in our teaching. The teachers can infuse some questions with the regular teaching that may help cadets to think critically. Once they become used to it, they will start evaluative thinking and can get deeper into context. Besides, this habit will help him to judge situations and take the right decision without depending on others or acting impulsively. Now the question is, how much important it is in the perspective of cadet colleges and how can it be implemented. In cadet colleges we say that we are creating leaders, that we are producing all rounder. But I think it is high time we need to think about what we actually are doing. It is true that many cadets are showing good performances after passing out from Cadet College. But what is the percentage? Is it satisfactory compared to the past? Challenges have increased in the 21 century. Are we really making our cadets competent enough to face challenges for the 21 century? It is important that we need to prepare our cadets to use logic and thus become good citizens. We need to make the cadets aware of the true aim of education, think independently and get prepared to face the challenges ahead. The true aim of education is not only to pass the exam, rather to make people capable of facing challenges, to cultivate creative intelligence required for adaptation to changes in the social environment i. e. ‘adaptability'. In many countries the teachers are talking about encouraging students for critical thinking. But in our country we are still dependent on lecture method. There is almost no participation of students. I personally believe that there is a strong relation between critical thinking and student centered teaching. Unless you give your students the scope to talk, to xpress their mind and you remain active all the time keeping your students passive, you can never teach them how to think for themselves, let alone think critically. The students will totally depend on the rote memorization and suffer in the long run, blaming the teachers o r the education system later that they were not given any chance to cope up with or face challenging situations. It is true that our education system is also to be blamed for this. But in cadet colleges where we claim to be the makers of leaders, we must bring a change in our approach of teaching that can bring a different dimension and differentiate the cadet colleges from other institutions. If we don’t do this, cadet colleges will remain as simple as educational institutions with some extra and co curricular activities.