Friday, September 4, 2020

Civil Society in Russia

The term â€Å"civil society† in Russia is once in a while alluded to some different option from to the metro associations and developments made during and after the separation of the Soviet Union (beginning of the 1990’s). Never the less this paper will take a gander at the â€Å"civil society† term in Russia all the more broadly and insidely. I will talk more and examine about our time â€Å"civil society†, which came in toward the finish of the 90’s with the Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin’s rising on the administration. Putin restored a top-down request in Russia and has end up being very adversarial both to Western international strategy and to genius Western common society groups.However, both free enterprise and multiparty majority rules system proceeded with their dubious ways in Russia through the most recent decade. After two terms as president, Putin gave over to Dmitri Medvedev and consequently he constructed an alleged restraining i nfrastructure in the covered up â€Å"Dictatorship† in the Russian political circle. All out mastery until the unability of being the decision power of the nation will come in however and still, after all that he has a curtailed arrangement of Medvedev and some later picked up-and-comer, that will help Medvedev make same what Putin did, with getting the presidentship back in his grasp at the earliest opportunity. Looking to the future, the paper features two principle trends.First, the continuation of Russia’s convention of municipal and political activism, seen most significantly in the mass shows in Moscow and different urban areas. Second, the significant advances made by CSOs and neighborhood government in actualizing social organization, with new assets from the express that both supplant and expand on the commitments of outside contributors during 1995-2005. History. The beginnings of Russian common society. The principal stage (1760-1860) streams out of Catherin e the Great’s changes to the Russian domains and was portrayed by the formation of open associations identified with science, writing, expressions of the human experience, relaxation and magnanimous activities.These included celebrated and persuasive affiliations like the Russian Geographical Society, the Free Economics Society, the Moscow Agricultural Society, the Russian Technical Society, and the Pirogov’s Association of Russian Doctors. These social orders were set up with seeks after benevolent participation with the Tsarist specialists and in the second 50% of the nineteenth century their individuals assumed a key job campaigning for social and legitimate change. Common society development under Tsarism. Russia’s second phase of common society advancement started with the Great Reforms introduced by Tsar Alexander II in the 1860s.Serfdom was canceled, essential social liberties were set up in law, and the initial steps taken in the production of a neighbor hood government framework. CSOs extended steadily, turned out to be increasingly expert, and started to give instructive and wellbeing backing to defenseless gatherings the nation over. Simultaneously industrialization and urbanization accumulated pace in Russia. The expansion of the railroad framework across Siberia to the Pacific was one of the most emotional instances of this in the late nineteenth century. However ,the improvement of industrialist relations in the economy was not reflected by political changes.The time of changes offered path to another time of constraint and political stagnation, and the state was tested by progressively radical political powers, for example, the Popularitists(Narodniki) with their â€Å"to the people† development, coming full circle in the 1905 upset. Numerous intentional affiliations were radicalized as well (counting practically all the logical social orders noted previously). Essentially, the main law relaxed gave to open association s was given by the Senate in the quick repercussions of the principal Russian Revolution, in March 1906.In the following scarcely any years, very nearly 5,000 new associations, social orders and associations were enlisted. In any case, by and by this changing, changing development ran into resistance from the state and with the emergency that was brought into the nation due to the investment and taking a colossal part and assuming significant job in World War I. Common society in the Soviet time frame. The Soviet time frame (1917 to the mid-1980s) is the third stage in Russia’s common society advancement, eminent for the â€Å"nationalization of common society institutions†.Again, there were stages when famous movement bloomed. The Soviet expressions, social and logical cutting edge of the 1920s is notable, yet less notable are the nearby developments, peasants’ and lowly associations that rose all around the nation. For instance, each settlement/region had its own Peasant Mutual Society and the Central Bureau took into account the government assistance needs of understudies much as deliberate affiliations had done before the revolution.However, during the 1930s this stage offered route to a time of suppression and political regimentation †occasioned by the Soviet government’s choice to persuasively collectivize farming and go for fast industrialization. This â€Å"required state-arranged CSOs which were to drive the establishment of socialism†. The intentional affiliations made during the 1920s â€Å"offered elective methods of settling social problems† however the specialists â€Å"doubted the utility of willful developments and the unwavering quality of their members. † Thousands were closed down during the 1930s and new affiliations set up in their stead, as a major aspect of the administration machine.It was not until the late 1950s-mid 1960s that citizens’ associations of a less politicized typ e started to reappear, supported by Kruschev’s criticism of Stalin and the political however that followed. Russian experts have recognized around 40 of these, working for the most part inside expressions of the human experience and logical fields under the support of Communist Party bodies and subject to the latter’s choices on strategy and staff matters. By the Brezhnev time frame, affiliations were dynamic among bunches as fluctuated as war veterans, proficient planners and those associated with kid government assistance. Common society currently incorporated the dissident movement.Dissidents created different methods of protection from the Soviet state †composing and distributing imaginative or editorial studies of the system, making an assortment of casual circles and conversation gatherings, and offering expressions on political and human rights gives that cut down impressive mistreatment on themselves. In any case, they had numerous supporters and extensi ve effect on the political climate in the nation and its notoriety abroad. The protester development included western-inclining nonconformists, yet in addition shrill patriots and strict activists from a considerable lot of the constituent republics of the USSRTransition time frame to our occasions. â€Å"Civil society† assumed an enormous job in protester philosophy in Eastern Europe and the USSR during the 1980s. At the point when the socialist systems crumbled consistently it appeared to numerous individuals that a completely new society was being conceived. Various investigations of â€Å"newly-created† common society in the area were worked around this view. After twenty years and with the advantage of new authentic exploration, most specialists in the district see things in an unexpected way. The current phase of common society advancement in Russia is a fourth stage, beginning in the mid-1980s and proceeding to the present day.The development for perestroika and glasnost drove by Gorbachev was intended to fathom the USSR’s squeezing financial emergency (brought about by the weapons contest and monetary rivalry with the West) and to support the authenticity of one-party rule. However, it drove rather to the breakdown of the socialist framework. A significant number of the most dynamic common society divisions today can follow their starting points to the 1980s †the human rights gatherings, yet in addition the ecological development with its dynamic systems among youngsters and in the regions.The selection of a law on open relationship in the late soviet time frame, upheld by resulting Russian Federation laws directing open and beneficent movement, made the way for CSO enrollment for any and all individuals. In any case, under Yeltsin’s replacement Putin, the earth for common society changed altogether. From one viewpoint, Putin quickened a procedure started under Yeltsin â€government financing of the segment (fundament ally by means of contracting out social administrations to CSOs), and set up a national structure of Public Councils to discourse with and co-pick the sector.On the other hand,â in 2006 he presented guidelines restricting the impact of remote givers. The study’s creators call this strategy â€Å"import substitution†; the substitution of remote models and subsidizing by national projects, self-association and nearby charity. Russian common society today. General highlights of the part After two many years of change, experts of current advancements in Russia are starting to increase a decent perspective on the common society segment. Common society in Russia, is demonstrating more consideration regarding the detail, shows that components of progression and change, convention and advancement, exist nearby one another.Here is the thing that I can say on that subject: †¢ common society activists today are â€Å"a solid minority of citizens† who merit more help †¢ Informal systems are significant for common society, particularly in country regions since they incorporate an enormous participation and their capacity and availability to offer indispensable day by day types of assistance, in addition to frequently great connections with government †¢ Foreign financing has had a constructive outcome in numerous zones (for instance, it helped open up exchange on numerous issues like woman's rights, abusive behavior at home and others) †¢ Mafia-type groupings have had an amazing and negative impact at all levels in Russia †even â€Å"co-selecting the job of common society† †¢ The tycoons or â€Å"oligarchs† that rose during the 1990s favored not to work through formal or more extensive busi

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Surprising Benefits of Volunteering

Astounding Benefits of Volunteering With a bustling understudy life, it very well may be elusive opportunity to chip in. Nonetheless, in the event that you need to help your instructive experience and learn new abilities, chipping in can be a remunerating choice. In some cases much more accommodating than systems administration occasions or temporary job, it offers a lot of amazing advantages to understudies. Noble cause work will assist you with diminishing pressure, discover companions and even development your vocation. Study the advantages of helping other people and begin! #1: Learn or Develop a New Skill It is never past the point where it is possible to gain some new useful knowledge and chipping in is an extraordinary method to build up a one of a kind expertise or find something you are acceptable at. In contrast to entry level positions, that typically include dull errands, you can alter your situation to meet your own objectives. Regardless of what sort of chipping in work you do, you might be sure to pick up the accompanying aptitudes: cooperation self-inspiration arranging critical thinking time the board objective setting influence basic reasoning By chipping in, you will put time into extremely valuable and drawing in understanding. #2: Stay Physically and Mentally Healthy Chipping in is acceptable both for your psyche and body. It profoundly affects your mental prosperity, decreases pressure and tension, battles discouragement and fulfills you. You will feel yourself better in customary contact with others and experience a characteristic feeling of achievement. The better you feel about yourself, a progressively positive view youll have on your life and future objectives. Also, as a volunteer, youll be all the more truly dynamic and fit, fortify your bones and muscles and accordingly, decrease the danger of numerous maladies, including respiratory failure and diabetes. #3: Make New Friends Chipping in gives an extraordinary chance to build up your social aptitudes as you are normally meeting with individuals who have the comparative interests. Regardless of whether you are timid and think that its hard to make new contacts, youll get an opportunity to create and rehearse your relationship abilities. Youll meet a great deal of new individuals, particularly in the event that you are new to the zone, and will have a chance to reinforce your encouraging group of people and make long haul companions. You might be amazed at how certified these companions are. #4: Save Money Chipping in can even assist you with setting aside cash. Numerous associations need volunteers to assist them with facilitating various occasions, including different exhibitions, shows and celebrations. Commit your time and you can get admission to occasions that intrigue you without purchasing the costly tickets. Far and away superior, you wont need to remain in the long lines and stress over getting the tickets in time! Simply make a point to enlist ahead of time in light of the fact that most music occasions and theater plays normally have a long holding up rundown of volunteers wishing to partake. #5: Find Love That may be truly amazing however chipping in can assist you with discovering love. Indeed, its actual. Studies show that individuals like to go out on the town with another volunteer than with somebody theyve met through a companion. Chipping in exercises will take a ton of your time, so there are more opportunities to meet that unique individual. Its no mystery that individuals ordinarily discover sentiment at working environment, so why wouldnt you? #6: Advance Your Career Chipping in will assist you with getting involvement with your zone of intrigue and meet individuals in this field. It is likewise an astonishing method to attempt yourself in another situation without making a drawn out responsibility. You may chip in an association youd like to work after graduation and increase significant experience and information youll need later. Most chipping in choices offer broad preparing, so youll get an opportunity to build up the abilities fundamental for your future vocation and bring issues to light for personal development and expert development. #7: Live Longer Would you like to live more? Studies show that volunteers have better by and large wellbeing and lower death rate. They think that its simpler to oversee ordinary assignments and have exceptional reasoning abilities in any event, when they become more established. That is the reason in the event that you need to carry on with an upbeat and long life, think about taking charitable effort notwithstanding your nutrients! #8: Understand Yourself Better Attempting yourself as a volunteer is helpful for building up your character. This experience will assist you with understanding whether you are an extrovert, regardless of whether you like working with others, whether you might want to commit your life to helping other people, and other significant things about yourself. Additionally, you’ll discover what aptitudes you as of now have and might want to create. #9: Give Up Bad Habits This can be astounding yet chipping in help to battle with negative behavior patterns. Along these lines, as per Make A Difference Day Survey, ICM Research 2004, 30% of smokers matured 18-24 asserted that they start to smoke less due to chipping in and 22% of a similar age bunch said that they decreased the measure of liquor they take. How could that be? The appropriate response is very basic: every fixation is created in light of the fact that an individual in some time of their life begins feeling inadequate. Chipping in encourages individuals to satisfy their lives with significance so they don’t feel inadequate like they used to. Chipping in is a charming and basic approach to test your interests and interests. It can furnish you with revived imagination and motivation that can significantly help in your own and expert life.

internet government control :: essays research papers

In the 21st century we live in an economy, generally unhindered by the legislature, a strategy called â€Å"lassier faire† which permits the market to run without the government’s control. Despite the fact that there is a sure undetectable hand that the administration gangs to guarantee that syndications, or any of the destructive organizations are being worked to guarantee security for the normal resident. â€Å"Napster† established by Shawn Flanning is a site which can be joined on any home PC with access to the web, where there after can exchange and download practically any tune that individual wants. For this basic explanation this site is enduring an onslaught from claims originating from the music business.      Musicians are at the leader of the charge pointed against Napster for the abuse of their music. A board of U.S circuit of advances that are a board of judges decided that Napster is in an infringement of copyright encroachments. It is an approach to get music without really buying it and some numerous organizations feel for the loss of incomes Napster should pay sovereignties or seize to exist. The RIAA, which speaks to many record organizations, documented a government claim against Napster only months after the tune exchanging site started in 1999. The claim asserts that Napster could loot the music business of billions of dollars in lost benefits.      In resistance against the courts, and furious artists originator Shawn Flanning has expressed â€Å" any choice the courts choose to implement will be vigorously coordinated with advances to keep Napster going† as indicated by the NY times. Likewise cited saying â€Å"Napster works since individuals who love music share and take part, individuals said it wouldn’t endure Page 2 when there was just 700,000 clients, and again when there was 17,000,000 individuals, presently today we have in excess of 50 million individuals, and we’ll figure out how to duplicate and stay around†.      The court found that Napster had encroached upon copyright holders’ rights to control the propagation and circulation of their music, additionally expressing that the chronicle business would almost certainly win. Having the fundamental directive smack on Napster last July just to upset being seen as â€Å"overbroad† and must be redrawn.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Free sample - A Comparison of Life in the US and Life in the USSR in the 1960s. translation missing

A Comparison of Life in the US and Life in the USSR during the 1960s. A Comparison of Life in the US and Life in the USSR in the 1960sThe Soviet Union otherwise called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a state dependent on communism (Martin, 1995). This state existed on what was once the Russian Empire. In the 1960’s, this state had one socialist Party and an arranged economy. Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet head, drove this state with autocracy prompting financial downturn, and political restraint (Smitha, 2000). In the 1960’s, the United States of America’s President, Lyndon B. Johnson, drove America to enormous scope industrialization, populism and quieted political choppiness as Civil Activism seethed. He guaranteed that the blacks and other minority bunches had their common freedoms along these lines making America a majority rules system. During this time, America was an industrialist economy and couldn't endure Soviet’s socialism. This exposition investigates how private enterprise helped the economy o f America as socialism and communism destroyed the economy of the Soviet Union. After World War 1, the entrepreneur economy of America got a lift from the offer of arms and other military hardware. It utilized the increases to fabricate its military force and utilized it as a â€Å"sphere of influence† in this manner separating Europe with an Iron Curtain (The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 2003). Eastern Europe grasped free enterprise and accordingly adjusted itself to U.S. while Europe’s Western Nations adjusted themselves to the USSR and received socialism and communism. The U.S economy was advertise based. The cost of items and administrations was directed by the gracefully and request bend. Financial development saw the extension of framework, ventures, and urbanization (Frieden, 2006). Rural areas rose with the white collar class changing looking for better wages. In the training framework, understudies were shown business the board, basic reasoning, and addressing authority. These instructive establishments equipped the rise of effective worldwide companies that changed the business face of the world. In USSR, socialism directed that the individuals or the residents should love the pioneers. The condition of government was to a greater degree a police state where opportunity is controlled or abridged. This restriction to human opportunity and fundamental rights prompted decrease underway from horticulture to the business and subsequently the financial decay. Communism guaranteed that laborers were composed to shape cooperatives. They produce products and enterprises, the pioneers take them and redistribute them to the individuals (The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 2003). This is the thing that prompted the stoppage of the USSR economy in light of the fact that the specialist drudges to deliver and the individual in question isn't spurred. The USSR economy was an arranged economy. Value controls, state claimed and controlled ventures lost a great deal of income in light of the fact that there was poor administration and little inspiration. The instruction framework was organized along the lines of socialism. Understudies were instructed to keep rules without addressing authority. This is the thing that has to a great extent added to the ineffectiveness of Russian companies since individuals would prefer not to address authority in any event, when they see an issue. Along these lines, future dropped, numerous individuals lived on not exactly a dollar daily, poor lodging, and absence of good food made them a disappointed part (Martin, 1995). The USSR government couldn't endure America’s private enterprise. They utilized communism and socialism as their â€Å"sphere of influence† and accordingly picked up help from Europe’s Western Nations. In the 1960’s the economy of the U.S and that of the Soviet Union developed at nearly a similar rate-6-7 percent (Smitha, 2000). The two nations made monetary increases that made them to be the world’s driving superpowers and makers of made products. The presence of two similarly ground-breaking countries prompted stressed relations and threatening vibe. The fundamental driver was rivalry for help from the rising economies and underdeveloped nations. References Frieden, J. (2006). Worldwide Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century. New York,â W.W. Norton Company. Print. Martin, M. (1995). Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia. New York, Free Press.â Print. Smitha, E. F. (2000). End of the Cold War and the Soviet Union: The Soviet Economy to the mid-1960s. Macrohistory and World Report.

Wednesday, July 15, 2020

Pixar in a Box the math behind the movies

Pixar in a Box the math behind the movies Every day, learners around the world visit Khan Academy to brush up their skills and explore new subjects. Maybe you’ve studied math on Khan Academy, and maybe you’ve wondered how artists, scientists, and engineers use math to build amazing things.To help answer that question, Khan Academy, with support from Disney, teamed up with Pixar Animation Studios to create Pixar in a Box: a free online curriculum that shows how Pixar artists use the concepts we all study in school to create their amazing movies.Through video lessons, interactive exercises, and hands-on activities, you can learn how Pixar artists use math to solve design problems at each stage of the creative process. In particular, you’ll discover:- How large swarms of robots in “WALL•E” were designed using combinatorics-  How a field of grass was created in “Brave” using parabolic arcs-  How simple models are transformed into realistic characters using weighted averages-  How animators bring characters to lif e with the help of animation curves-  How sets are constructed using geometric transformations -  How all of Pixar’s images are painted using simultaneous equationsBut this is just the beginning. In the years ahead, we’ll explore many other subjects, including science, computer science, arts, and humanities.We’re excited to hear your feedback so we can make Pixar in a Box even better, so let us know what you think in the comments below. We hope you’ll have as much fun exploring Pixar in a Box as we did creating it!- Brit Cruise, Content Creator

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

President Andrew Jackson and the Cherokee Nation - Free Essay Example

Andrew Jackson was a very respected president who during the 2 terms he served was apart of major controversies of how he handled and followed through with the land disputes with the Cherokee Nation and other Native tribes in Georgia. With all of this starting with the United States finding gold in Georgia which ultimately led the U.S to want to recognize it as a state. But the problem with this was that many Native Americans inhabited Georgia but the Cherokee had the largest presence there with 17,000 Tribe members strong. This would lead to the Indian Removal Act that would be signed by Jackson on May 28th, 1830. These decisions made by Jackson would lead to avery controversial court cases called Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. Midst The court case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the Cherokees sued the state of Georgia because they were being forced out of their land. But the outcome came to the favor of cherokees with Chief Justice John Marshall presenting the majority opinion and decision of the Supreme court. Which was that the Cherokees are not considered a foreign nation within the US and for that reason dont have to adhere to the rules of the constitution and therefore cant be pushed out of their land that they rightfully own. This decision showed that The US didnt have the authority or Jurisdiction to be able to push the cherokee out of Georgia.With the overall outcome stating that The cherokees did have entitlement to the 100 Million acres of land that they inhabited. The court case Worcester also turned out to be a victory for the cherokee nation. Because it states how the laws that were in Georgia could not pertain to the Cherokees because they werent apart of the United States. And they were inside there own lands so it would make sense for them to have to obey the Constitution. These decisions showed how even the supreme court believed that the land was not theirs and Georgia should have stayed under their rightful inhabitants. Andrew Jackson disagreed with the decisions that Chief Justice john Marshall and essentially ignored them and chose to make the government force the removal of the cherokees from their land called the Trail of Tears. The actions of Andrew Jackson were illegal because they went against the supreme courts chosen decision which was very unconstitutional. The President needs the backing of the supreme court to be able to enact his decision. But still did it either way because Jackson was a very popular president who was people feared to go against. This chosen action by Jackson should have not been able to have been done. The Trail of tears was the result of the dissimilarity between Jackson and the Supreme Court. Because Jackson stated how he would let the supreme court enact their decision but still abide by his own ruling. Which was the relocation of the 17,000 indians that inhabited Georgia during the time,. That were forced by 7,000 US army soldiers, during the march from Georgia to Oklahoma 4,000 Cherokees lost their lives to Starvation and to the bitter weather conditions. The only person to blame for this atrocity was Jackson due to his foolish actions of enacting his own rules over the Supreme Courts ruling. The outcome should have been much more different then how it actually turned out to be. I think President Andrew Jackson should have abided by the Supreme Courts ruling and understood that The U.S doesnt have the power under the constitution because the Cherokee Nation is not apart of the U.S so they have the right to the land that they were on first. Jackson should have respected that ruling and allowed the Cherokee nation to stay in the lands that were rightfully theirs. Because by doing that he would have never caused the Trail of tears and retained a good relation with the Native Americans.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Analysis Of The Book Problems Of Philosophy By...

Bertrand Russell, was a famous British logician, mathematician, essayist, and philosopher. He has made many contributions on certain subjects, most notably the subject of philosophy. One of his most influential works in philosophy was the book â€Å"Problems of Philosophy†. In this book, he addresses certain philosophical issues that tend to be a problem in terms of what is true or false in our universe. In this essay, chapter one and two will be analyzed. These chapters will explain Bertrand Russell’s beliefs in terms of certainty through the idea of appearance and reality and the existence of matter. â€Å"Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?† (Russell 7). Russell begins his first chapter by explaining the difficulty in the question stated above. This question is difficult because many of us tend to assume the information we have received as true. But in reality, there may not be enough evidence to support whether a certain topic is true or false. The problem Russell faces in this chapter is the concept of appearance and reality. How can we truly know what real or what is apparent? The only way to find a solution to this problem is to use philosophy, through the method of critical thinking. To look for certainty, we need to be able to doubt the information that we have already gained. The question, as well as the problem stated above, sets the foundation for the rest of chapter in this book. â€Å"Any statement as to what it isShow MoreRelatedBertrand Russell on Analytical Philsophy Essay example1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with something so paradoxical that no one will believe it - Bertrand Russell, The Philosophy of Logical Atomism. Bertrand Russell was born in 1872 in Wales, England as a member of a famous British family. 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Description theorists propose that instead of being a simple ‘word - world relationship’, meaning is derived from descriptions associated with certain objects and stored in our mind (or senses in Frege’s case). Frege and Russell’s accounts of the theory differ subtly in how they view descriptions. Several objections have been made againstRead MoreLife after Death Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesLife after death is a topic of controversy in which Bertrand Russell and John Hick discusses the idea of whether it is possible to h ave life after death. Russell addresses his argument against the idea through his brief essay titled â€Å"The Illusion of Immortality† (1957). In addition, Hick also discusses the topic through his work â€Å"In Defense of Life after Death† (1983) of why life after death is a plausible idea. 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In the analysis presented in this paper, diagnosis of injustice, identification and compartmentalization of motives of key players will figure often as anchors for support of my final recommendation. Philosophical Analysis John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill would argue that Kathryn’s absences from work are correct in that they advance her happiness but are incorrectRead More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 Pages17th century that provided the motivation for his work. We can discern three distinct influences on Descartes, three conflicting world-views that fought for prominence in his day. The first was what remained of the mediaeval scholastic philosophy, largely based on Aristotelian science and Christian theology. Descartes had been taught according to this outlook during his time at the Jesuit college La Flech_ and it had an important influence on his work, as we shall see later. The Read MoreLogical Positivism3339 Words   |  14 Pagesmeaningfulness of statements (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy). Logical positivism is the school of thought that attempts to introduce the methodology and precision of mathematics and the natural science into the field of philosophy. The movement, which began in the early twentieth century, was the fountainhead of the modern trend that considers philosophy an analytical, rather than a speculative inquiry (Passmore). As a school of philosophy, logical positivism â€Å"combines positivism with a versionRead More Does Life Have a Meaning? Essay3084 Words   |  13 Pagessources available to them for both self maintenance and reproduction. Underlying this deceptively persuasive definition, however, lie those persistent traditional problems inherent in the search for an essential, distinctive substance characteristic of all forms of life. 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Monday, May 18, 2020

Securities Of Stocks And Bonds Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1550 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In the finance market, organization or people that are lack of money can be borrow money from those having money to lend out in the financial market. They are many different of finance market due to different type of people needed in different situation. The financial market are to deal with different types of financial instruments such as stocks or shares, bonds, notes, mortgages and other claim on real assets. Finance market operate as the spot market and future market. Spot market happens when the deals being brought or sold for on the spot delivery. Future market happens when the deals being brought or sold for on the future delivery at future date that is determined. Firstly, money markets happens when the financial market dealing with short- term, highly liquid debt securities in which funds are borrowed or loaned for short period of time that are not less than one year. The capital market is the financial market dealing with stocks or shares, intermediate o r long-term debts in which funds are borrowed or loaned for long period of times especially more than one year. Mortgage market is the financial market dealing with loans on residential, commercial, industrial real estate and farmland. The consumer credit markets is the financial market dealing with loans on autos and appliances or can be used in education ,vacation and so on. The primary market is the financial market in which corporations raise capital by issuing new securities or new shares. The secondly market is the financial market in which the existing and already outstanding securities or other financial assets are traded among investors after they have been issued by the corporations. The initial public offering market (IPO) is the finance market which the firm or corporations go publicby offering securities or shares to the public for the first time. Lastly, private market is the financial market in which the transactions are worked out privately and directly between two p arties without going to public where the transactions may be structured in any manner that appeals to the two parties. Example of private market is bank loan and placement of debts with insurance companies. There are three ways for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market. Firstly, a direct transfer from savers to borrower. It takes place when a business corporation sells its stocks or bonds directly to savers. It is without going any type of financial institution. The business corporation acts as a borrower whereas saver acts as a money leader. Thus, the business corporation delivers its securities to savers then savers will give back the money to the business corporation after a moment. By this, the fund or capital is directly transferred from savers to business corporation. The direct transfer from savers to businesses corporation are possible and do occur on occasion. But, it is generally more efficient for a business to enlist the services o f an investment banking house such as Merrill Lynch. This type of organization help the corporations design securities with features that are currently attractive to investors. Then, it will buy these securities from the corporations and resell them to savers. This process is really one primary market transaction although the securities are sold twice. By this, the investment banker acts as a facilitator to help transfer capital form savers to businesses. Savers Borrower Dollars Secondly, an indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through investment banking house. Investment banking house is an organization that underwrites and distributes new investment securities and helps businesses to obtain finance. This method takes place when an investment banking underwrites the issuance of corporations securities. At this times, the investment banking house serve as a middleman . Therefore, it can be facilitate the issuance of corporations securities by purchasing the secu rities of corporation. Then, it is resell to the same securities of the corporation to savers so that the money paid back by the savers for purchase the securities of corporation are passed by the investment bank. Next, it is received by the corporation which acts as a borrower. Thus, the corporation s securities and the savers money merely conducted through the investment banking house. By this, the capital or fund is indirectly transferred through investment banking house from savers to corporation which acts as a borrower. Securities Securities Investment Banking House Savers Business Dollars Dollars Lastly, an indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. A financial intermediary is specialized financial firms that used to facilitate the transfer of funds from savers to demanders of capital. This method is takes place when a financial intermediary like a bank or a mutual fund obtains fund from savers. It is to issue its o wn securities or certificate of deposit to savers. Therefore, the financial intermediary will uses the fund that is collected from savers to purchase and to hold the securities of other corporations as investments. In this condition, the capital or fund is transferred from savers to financial intermediary when savers pay money to financial intermediary in exchange for receiving certificate of deposit or securities issued by the financial intermediary. Next, it is return back the financial intermediary will further transfer this fund to other corporation by paying money out of the fund to purchase securities of other corporation. But, most of the savers prefer to hold certificate of deposit and the securities of financial intermediary. It is because the savers think that they are safer and more liquid than mortgages and loans. It definitely cause financial intermediaries greatly increases the efficiency of money and capital markets. The financial intermediaries do more simple than tr ansfer money and securities between firms and savers. It help to create new financial products. The financial intermediaries are generally large due to gain economies of scale in analyzing the creditworthiness of potential borrowers, in processing and collecting loans, pooling risks and helping individual savers diversify by that is not putting all their financial eggs in one basket. Moreover, a system of specialized intermediaries can put money into banks and get both interest income. This system is a convenient way of making payments for checking or can put money into life insurance company. Then, it can get both interest income and protection for the customers benefit. Intermediarys securities Savers Businesss securities Financial Intermediary Business Dollars Dollars An investing banking house is an organization that underwrites and distributes the new issue of business corporations securities to assist corporation. It is help to obtain fund for financ ing. Examples of investment banking house are Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. They are mainly in foreign country. In Malaysia, there are consist of CIMB Bank, Maybank , Affin and so on. There are various type of financial intermediaries for the fund transfer form savers to borrower. Firstly, commercial banks are traditional departmental store of financewhich acts as a wide variety of savers and borrowers. In past times, commercial banks were the major institutions that handled checking accounts and through which Fedcral Reserve System expanded the money supply. Now, commercial banks are providing an ever-widening range of services. There are include stock brokerage services and insurance. Commercial bank are lend out money to borrowers whereas investment banks assists business corporation to raise capital or fund from savers. Secondly, savings and loan associations are tranditionally served individual savers and residential and commercial mortgage borrowers . Iit is co llect funds from many small savers and then lend out this money to house buyers and other types of borrowers The most significant economic function of savings and loan association is used to create liquidity in capital market. Then, mutual savings loan are similar to savings and loan associations. It is to accept savings from individuals and then lend out money mainly on a long-term basis to house buyers and consumers. The credit unions are cooperative associations whose members are supposed to have a common bond . So, the unions collect savings from members and then loan to other members who need funds to finance their auto purchases, house improvement and house mortgage. It is often the cheapest source of funds available to individual borrowers. Pension funds are retirement plans that are funded by government agencies or corporations for their worker and administered. It is done by the trust departments of commercial banks or by life insurance companies. Pension funds invest prima rily in bonds, stocks, mortgages and real estate. Next, life insurance companies done by agent to collect savings in the form of annual premiums. These, the funds is invested in stocks, bonds, real estate and mortgages. Finally, it make a payments to the beneficiaries of the insured parties. Recently, life insurance companies also had to offer a many variety of tax-deferred savings plans designed to provide benefits to the participants when they retire. Lastly, mutual funds is formed when they collect funds from savers to used buy stocks, long term bonds and short-term debt instruments issued by businesses or government units. They pool funds from all savers so that can reduce risks by the investment diversification. Economics of scale achieved in analyzing securities, managing portfolios, buying and selling securities. Different mutual fund are to meet the objectives of different types of savers for different purposes. Bond funds for who desire safety, stock fund for used as intere st bearing checking accounts like money market funds. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Securities Of Stocks And Bonds Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Medical Imaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay

Medical Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial features of alteration in brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited to reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobiles and/or speed limits, increased incidence of thrill seekers, as well as increased sensitivity of medical imaging modalities. The development of certain imaging protocols has made diagnosis of TBI’s more common. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has paved the way in the imaging and identify process of TBI’s. There are different levels of severity in TBI’s and the diagnostic imaging and the associated application of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is crucial. The GCS is a point scale in which a clinician can r ate the severity of a brain injury and use a numeric value to objectively track progress or decline in the patient’s health. In some cases, the TBI may inflict secondary vascular trauma in which the GCS may assist in detecting. Physicians have coined the term â€Å"silent epidemic† to describe TBI’s.1 This means TBI’s can go undetected; therefore the patient with the TBI may go untreated. Even with computed tomography (CT) being the leading imaging modality in detecting TBI’s,Show MoreRelatedImaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesImaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries: An Investigative Report INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial characteristics of altered brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited for reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobilesRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pages Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of an external force against the head that causes displacement of the cranial structures, either through impact with an object or through acceleration and deceleration. TBI is not isolated to a single ethnic group, socioeconomic class, or region (Berquist et al., 2009; Jang et al., 2013). In 2002, the United States had the highest incidence of reported TBI cases of any developed country. The incidence of hospital admissions due to closed head injuriesRead MoreRecent Epidemiological Studies Have Linked Mild Traumatic1509 Words   |  7 Pageslinked mild traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for dementia. Estimated that 100 to 300 per 100,000 people seek medical attention for mTBI annually worldwide. Due to not all persons with mTBI seeking medical attention it is estimated that 600 per 100,000 have a mTBI annually. Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Chronic Traumatic EncephalopathyRead MoreAcupuncture Treated Patient Who Received A Traumatic Brain Injury From A Snowboarding Accident Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesThis case report illustrates the improvement of an acupuncture-treated patient who received a traumatic brain injury from a snowboarding accident. The patient progressed from initially not being able to walk, having difficultly with speech, and poor eyesight, to where he has now regained significant motor function, speech and vision and has returned to snowboarding. This case shows the beneficial effects of acupuncture when tailored to the patient’s condition. Through a core acupuncture protocolRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injuries On Our Society1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe human brain is an enormously complex and intricate structure; however, it is incredibly susceptible to injury and irreversible damage. Traumatic brain injuries can affect any member of the population at any given moment, damaging vital areas of the brain responsible for an entire spectrum of tasks, most of which are often taken for granted. Numerous medical professionals are involved in the rehabilitation of patients that sustain traumatic brain injuries. Because traumatic brain injuries have suchRead MoreQeeg Patterns708 Words   |  3 Pageswhile the patient engages in cognitive tasks reflect specific deficiencies in brain functioning. The article provides a theoretical and empirical base for QEEG interventions with TBI. Keywords EEG biofeedback  Traumatic brain injury  Cognitive rehabilitation  Activation QEEG  Memory rehabilitation  Cognitive challenge An estimated 5.3 million Americans currently have disabilities resulting from a traumatic brain injury. One study asserts that there are no clear unique TBI, EEG or QEEG featuresRead MoreConcussions Or Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries958 Words   |  4 Pagesmild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) are the most common forms of traumatic brain injury. There are between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions a year that occur due to sports and recreation accidents alone (CDC). Mild concussions and MTBIs were once thought to be insignificant in terms of consequences. However, there now is significant evidence that neurological even with what is thought to be a mild injury, physiological, and cognitive changes can occur. Individuals sustaining mild brain injuries oftenRead MorePhineas Gage Suffers a Traumatic Brain Injury1289 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a traumatic brain injury. While working at a railroad site, an iron tamping rod (43 inches long, 1.25 diameter) went through his left cheek, through his brain, and out the skull. He surprisingly ended up surviving this traumatic injury. After a month in the hospital, he was back out on the street. Once a nice, caring person, Phineas turned into an aggressive man who could not even keep a job. Just like Phineas Gage, a TBI can potentially change everything. Brain studies on traumatic brain injuriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Death And Disability On Young People1489 Words   |  6 PagesHead (Brain) injury is known as a major public health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability in young people, Among the many challenges that survivors of traumatic brain injury must face, behavior problems rank among the most difficult. Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a type of brain injury that occurs when trauma causes damage to the brain. It can cause when a person s head suddenly or violently hits an object, or an object hits the person, and damages the brain tissue. ARead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Can Ruin Your Entire Life1617 Words   |  7 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Can Ruin Your Entire Life Head (Brain) injury is known as a major public health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability in young people, Among the many challenges that survivors of traumatic brain injury must face, behavior problems rank among the most difficult. Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a type of brain injury that occurs when trauma causes damage to the brain. It can cause when a person s head suddenly or violently hits an object, or an object

The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare - 939 Words

Throughout the Anglo-Saxon world, stories were often on the ways people passed on lessons and stories without actually writing things down. These epics would be passed from one another through verbal communication and were based around different aspects of life for a someone of Anglo-Saxon descent. The story Beowulf is a perfect example of how Anglo-Saxons based their stories around their beliefs on how a hero should behave. Around the time the story was first told, people were often terrified of the horrible things in the world. The character Beowulf was built around how a hero would be represented in these times by having honor in battle and gives self-sacrifice for the good of the people. For every epic, the central character followed the same guidelines about how they were presented. â€Å"The epic hero is the central character of an epic. This character is a larger-than-life figure, typically of noble or semi divine birth, who pits his courage, skill, and virtue against opposi ng, often evil, forces.† (Pg 34, Epic Hero) Whenever the story of Beowulf begins, we learn Beowulf already has a larger than life reputation for his previous endeavors. Beowulf only increases his status throughout the story by slaying the monsters plaguing King Hrothgar s kingdom. Later in his life, Beowulf only increases his reputation by being one of the greatest kings his kingdom has ever seen. In the story, he demonstrates otherworldly powers, which one could argue meanShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1549 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is one of the earliest and most famous works of English literature, and is still widely read today. However, over a thousand years has passed since it was written down in England, and even longer since it was originally spread by word of mouth in the old norse lands, and our values and concepts of the world are radically different than the people of Beowulf’s age. Although the epic Beowulf shows their concept of simplistic duality, in which there is only black and white, good and evil, theRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare932 Words   |  4 Pageshave the values of being kind and modest. Before Beowulf arrived to Herot he was known for his heroism, which was shown again and again during the fight with Grendel, the fight with Grendel’s mother, and his final battle with the dragon. While his heroism was shown at each of these events, there were changes in his heroic nature over time. Regardless of these changes, he was still seen as the mighty hero throughout the epic poem of Beowulf. As Beowulf was making his voyage to Herot from Geatland toRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare977 Words   |  4 Pageslooking at a culture’s epic tales and heroes one can get an insight to the culture’s values and traits that are noble to them. Beowulf, as an epic hero, is a direct representation of the ideal man as seen through Anglo-Saxon eyes. In looking at the poem Beowulf and analyzing the characteristics of the epic hero, it will become evident the desired attributes that were desired in the Anglo-Saxon culture: physical strength, pride, bravery, selflessness, and loyalty. An epic hero is a person thatRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare953 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf is one of the most well known pieces of literature in history. Written between 700 and 1000 AD, this poem has captured the minds of scholars, historians, and readers across the globe. However, despite the fact that it has been passed down for numerous centuries, perhaps one of its most fascinating characteristics are the intriguing battles that Beowulf, the protagonist, takes on. Throughout this epic poem, Beowulf takes on many battles, all of which are practically unwinnable. Each battleRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1549 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is one of the earliest and most famous works of English literature, and is still widely read today. However, over a thousand years has passed since it was written down in England, and even longer since it was originally spread by word of mouth in the old Norse lands, and our values and concepts of th e world are radically different than the people of Beowulf’s age. Although the epic Beowulf shows their concept of simplistic duality, in which there is only black and white, good and evil, theRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare935 Words   |  4 Pageshis life for the good of others , well Beowulf was both. In the novel Beowulf , to me, the main theme of the entire story is heroism. Beowulf is your knight in shining armor or your fire fighter who goes into a living hell to save a kitten. Heroism is scattered all over this epic poem. Sure paganism and christianity are in it as well as good vs evil but they are not as i would say the backbone of Beowulf. to prove my opinion I shall gather quotes from the epic novel would strongly aid the fact thatRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1176 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen nearly fifteen movies that were made after â€Å"Beowulf†. It may be due to the fact that â€Å"Beowulf† is one of th e most famous epic poems in the English Literature history. It is also the oldest surviving epic poem to date. â€Å"Beowulf† was written in 10000 AD in Old English by an author who remains unknown. In â€Å"Beowulf†, there are many important literary elements that help empathize the main motif of the poem. The motif of this poem is courage. Beowulf is about courage and it is shown through the charactersRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1401 Words   |  6 PagesAnglo-Saxon focus qualities. A champion amongst the most prestigious works from that time period is Beowulf. The story tells us of how one man, Beowulf, sails to the rescue of King Hrothgar and his kinfolk remembering the final objective to extra them from a horrifying beast that is undermining their lives and additionally their way of life. The warrior Beowulf without a doubt demonstrates characteristics of an epic legend through valor, dedication, generosity, family relationship, accomplishi ng somethingRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1836 Words   |  8 PagesBeowulf is one in a sea of many epic poems exemplifying battle, glory, great leaders, and, inevitably, death. Classic plot lines have followed the general flow of such stories from exposition to conflict to resolution, the majoity thriving off of a hero-villan mentality. The battle between good and evil has been perpetuated throughout history in literature and story. The media today suffers from the clear segregation of right and wrong just as much as society did in the days that Beowulf was firstRead MoreThe Heroes Of The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1292 Words   |  6 PagesEpics consists of benevolent or disastrous intervention from the supernatural world, and the superhuman capabilities that the heroes and antiheroes occupy. Tales like these represent the characteristics of what heroes are considered to be during the time they were written; however, they follow a specific formula , namely that the Gods intervene in the lives of the hero and, that the hero is burdened with a tragic flaw. In Virgil’s Aeneid, it is Aeneas’ dangerous disobedience to the ordinances of the

Oedipus the King by Sophocles Free Essays

Karina Lazcano Oedipus the King by Sophocles English Literature Anderson Many will argue that fate cannot be escaped in Oedipus the King by Sophocles, where the main character is portrayed as a tragic hero with a predetermined fate. Both the concept of fate and freewill played an innate part in Oedipus’ downfall. The play suggests that fate dominates over free will. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the King by Sophocles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oedipus never had control of his fate; the day his mother gave birth to him, his parents attempted to kill him in order to prevent the prophecy. â€Å"True: it is not from me your fate will come. That lies within Apollo’s competence, as it is his concern† (75, 159-160). Oedipus fate was the God’s will that damned him since birth. Fate mastered free will when Oedipus’ pride overruns his arrogance and leads him to leave the parents he thought were his biological parents. Only to come that his arrogance drove him closer to his biological parents and doomed by the curse of Thebes. Consequently, Sophocles points out that as much as free will takes place, life is predetermined. Oedipus tries his best to avoid the prophecy that Teiresias predicted; that he will murder his father and marry his mother. Oedipus tried to change his fate by moving away, in reality it only brought him closer to his crossroads fate. Jean de La Fontaine once said, â€Å"A person often meets his destiny on the road he took to avoid it. † Oedipus confronts his biological father in an intersection, then killing his father with his bare hands, just as the oracle that was told to him. Killing King Laios started a new problem; Thebes was now under a new plague that leads Oedipus the King to find the murderer of the King Laios. â€Å".. The Sphinx was performing here, What help were you to these people?†¦ But I came by, Oedipus, the simple man, who knows nothing- I thought it out for myself, no birds helped me! †(75, 175-182) Pride and confidence led Oedipus, the King of Thebes to guide and protect his people but in reality Oedipus’ free will only created a path, for which prolonged the search of the murderer of Laios. Oedipus promises that â€Å"once more [he] must bring what is dark to light† (71, 134). Creating new problem that he will save the people from the plague by finding the murderer of King Laios, in which ironically he is trying to save from himself. According to Fosso, â€Å"thebe’s plague, and have lived on in happy albeit plague-ridden ignorance†¦. his happiness would simply be that of not knowing that he had fulfilled his horrible destiny†. Even though the plague was caused by Oedipus himself he finally figured out the truth about his birth, Iocaste also figured out before her suicide that fate itself was inevitable. Even though Laios, Iocaste, and Oedipus all tried to escape their fate, it was bound to be sooner or later. Iocaste told Oedipus she was positive his fate was not to become true, because she is skeptical of prophecies. Since at first Iocaste thought that her son was dead, she sent for his death and her husband was killed by a group of thieves but she slowly uncovers the truth and tries to slowly tie Oedipus down for comfort. â€Å"Why should anyone in this world be afraid, since fates rules us and nothing can be foreseen? A man should live only for the present day. Have no more fear of sleeping with your mother: how many men, in dreams, have lain with their mothers! No reasonable man is troubled by such things† (84, 64-69). She becomes upset of Oedipus’ attempts to find out the truth about his birth. Iocaste plays two roles in the play, as a mother and as a spouse. When Iocaste realizes that the prophecy did come true, she tries to tell him that the future does not matter. At the end Oedipus does not take in mind her advice, it is brutal for her as she knows what will happen and kills herself. Teiresias also plays a big role in the play as he has Oedipus begging for the truth. â€Å"But I say that you, with both your eyes, are blind: You cannot see the wretchedness of your life, nor in whose house you live, no, nor with whom. Who are your father and mother? Can you tell me? You do not even know the blind wrongs that you have done them but the double lash of your parents’ curse will whip you out of this land someday, with only night upon your precious eye†(75, 196-205). Tiresias predicts that Oedipus will end up blind and out of Thebes . Oedipus denies almost all of it and disrespects him. But Teiresias himself knows his inevitable fate. The play shows that fate is unavoidable without regard of the things done to avoid it. When Iocaste and Oedipus himself try to avoid the truth, Iocaste finally realizes that her ex-husband Laios, and herself could not defy fate. Everything that I say is for your own good! †(86, 147) Iocaste then tries to become a mother figure for Oedipus and intends to steer him away from his promise to the people of Thebes. King Oedipus used his power to help him find the truth, in which he was blinded himself from. Seeking the truth was Oedipus own free will, nobody else made the decision to seek the murderer of The bes but himself. His arrogance did not allow him to question himself. In a nutshell, Oedipus feels a sense of remorse as he realizes all the pain he has cause for his family and himself. But the blinding hand was my own! How could I bear to see when all my sight was horror everywhere? † (90, 112-13) However, now that he is blind he can now â€Å"see† his madness. At this point we see all pride, all arrogance set aside as Oedipus confesses that his freewill worked hand in hand with his fate. Oedipus was ultimately controlled by fate and not free will. Oedipus lost his wife, he lost his eyesight, and he lost his children, and lost his crown. To a certain extent, we see Oedipus downfall, his pride and arrogance led to this discovery which resulted in him losing everything that he had. Oedipus’ overall attempt of free will to raise his level of the gods and trying to avoid his own fate failed. Works Cited Dudley, Fitts, and Fitzgerland Robert. â€Å"Oedipus the King (. 430 B. C. ). † Trans. Array. Orlando, FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 1977. 67-93. Print. Apr. 2013 Fosso, Kurt. â€Å"Oedipus crux: reasonable doubt in Oedipus the King. † College Literature 39. 3 (2012): 26+. Literature Resource Center. Web. Apr. 2013. Jean de La Fontaine . â€Å"A person often meets his destiny on the road he took to avoid it. † Think exist. Web. Apr 2013. How to cite Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Papers

Prevent & Reduce the Effect of NSI on Nurse-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health Management- Needle Stick Injuries (NSI) in Nurses in healthcare industry. Answer: Introduction According to WHO, an occupational health hazard is a harmful process, material, human action or situation that may lead to physical or mental injury, death or harm to other aspects of health at an individuals workplace. Nurses have a significant contribution in service provision in the healthcare system. However, they experience numerous occupational hazards while performing their duty. These hazards could be biological, chemical, physical or psychosocial in nature. In this assignment, the hazard of needle stick injury is reviewed. The review is prepared to evaluate that how needle stick injuries are manifested while healthcare delivery and the way they harm the nurses. The relevant legislations, codes and guideline pertaining to occupational health of Australian judicial system are also reviewed. The standard practice that should be followed by the healthcare organisation to eliminate or minimise the risk of development of needle stick injury are analysed. Lastly, the review is conc luded with the key findings from the main discussion. Literature Review In the 2006 World Health Report Working Together for Health on human resources, it was informed that there is a shortage of healthcare professional globally and the shortage has reached the level of crisis in 57 countries. It was also established that in several countries, one of the main causes of health staff attrition was unsafe working conditions. They reported the occupational hazards like injuries, occupational infection like HIV, etc. to be a demotivating cause for healthcare workforce. WHO global burden of disease from sharps injuries among health workers revealed that 37% of the cases of hepatitis B among health professionals was due to occupational exposure to the causal microorganism (WHO). The NSI is the one of the most common occupational accidents (Riddell, Kennedy, Tong, 2015) and hollow-bore needles and disposable syringes are the chief sources of injury (Cho, Lee, Choi, Park, Yoo, Aiken, 2013). Needle stick injuries are one of the leading causes of exposure to blood borne pathogens for nurses. It is reported that in 1999, there were 30 needle stick injury events per 100 beds in US hospitals (OSHA - Safer Needle Devices, 2012). Needle stick injuries lead to mild to severe infection and infection contributes to a significant number of morbidity and mortality cases associated with nursing and therapeutic procedures. According to a study conducted by Orji, Faasubaa, Onwudiegwu, Dare and Ogunniyi, needle stick injuries were the second most prominent occupational hazard followed only by work related stress in the obstetrics and gynaecology unit (Orji, Faasubaa, Onwudiegwu, Dare, Ogunniyi, 2009) According to Negin Masoudi Alavi, needle stick injuries result in development of communicable diseases and increases the likelihood to exposure to microorganisms present in infected blood which can cause fatal disease like HIV, HBV, etc. among the nurses which can impact their health severely (Willburn, 2004). The numbers of occurrences of needle-stick injuries in ayear in the healthcare facilities are estimated to be between 600000 and 80000 (Alavi, 2014). According to Perry, Jagger and Parker the leading causes of exposure are injections accounting for about 21% of incidents, suturing responsible for 17% incidents, and extracting blood owing to 16% of total cases (Perry, Jagger, Parker, 2003). According to Wilburn and Eijkeman, there are certain determinants of needle-stick injuries like over usage of syringes and other avoidable sharp equipment (WILBURN EIJKEMANS, 2004). Other factor responsible for NSI incidents are lack of throwaway syringes, harmless needle apparatuses, and disposal containers for sharp devices. Shortage of nursing staff, post-use recapping of needles, hand to hand handling of equipment in the OT, unawareness regarding hazards (Trim, 2004)and no training are some of the other risk factors of the NSI for nurses in the healthcare setting (Pruss-Ustun, Rapiti, Hutin, 2003). Nurses also don not have adequate information about the legislation, policies and procedures that manage the occupational health and safety in an organisation. According to Clarke, Sloane and Aiken, those nurses who were working in departments with shortage of staff and poor organizational climates faced two times more chances of reporting needle stick inuries and near misses as compared to the nurses working in adequately staffed unit with sound organizational climate. Therefore, it can be concluded that staffing and organizational climate also impacts the chances of nurses suffering from needle stick injuries. They suggested that eradicating the issues of understaffing, lack of support from administration, and bad morale can decline the rates of NSI (Clarke, Sloane, Aiken, 2002). According to Ghosh, nurses when get exposed to infected blood, blood products or other potential infectious materials, then they face the likelihood of developing blood borne infection. The nurses in different departments like emergency, laboratory, housekeeping, etc. are at the risk of occupational hazard. The extent of the risk is evaluated by the total infected patients in the setting, the incidence of exposure, duration of exposure to infected substance but there is always a chance that infection can occur with a single NSI too (Ghosh, 2013). Legislations, codes and guidelines According to Australian Government, the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 offers an outline to safeguard the health, safety and welfare of all the staff at work, in this case that is nurses at the healthcare establishments and everyone who may get impacted by the work. The Act provides a definition for the primary health and safety duty on a worker performing a business or undertaking (PCBU). Also there is a code of Practice, which offers practical guidelines for employees who have duties under the WHS Act. It also provides regulations to tackle health risks and safety. Apart from that, large firms should develop specific health and safety policies and procedures to affirm their duties and responsibilities for the employees. The policies must involve appropriate employees responsibilities as well(Tatelbaum, 2001). Standard practices to prevent and reduce the effect of NSI on nurses in healthcare settings The best practice to deal with the risks and harms of occupational hazard is to remove the hazard. The injections should be substituted by changing route of administration of medicines like medications can be given via mouth, nose or local application. All the unnecessary sharp instruments and needles must be removed from the practice (Sossai., et al., 2016). Other options that can be used as an alternative for syringes and sharps are jet injectors, towel clips and needleless intravenous systems. The healthcare organisations must ensure to practice engineering controls like retractable needles, or needles that blunt immediately after use (Harris Handelman, 2011). Equal focus should be put on administrative controls. The healthcare organisations should ensure that the required policies and guidelines are formulated and practiced. They should also ensure that adequate hazard training is given to the nurses in order to minimise exposure to the hazard (Nsubuga Jaakkola, 2005). The training should be reviewed at regular intervals (KEOREKILE, 2015). The healthcare organisations can create a dedicated committee, the needlestick injury prevention group to eliminate this occupational hazard from their settings. The healthcare employers must also allocate resources for the purpose of safety of healthcare workers especially nurses who are prone to this hazard. An exposure control strategy should be devised by the hazard professionals. Likewise work practice controls should also be placed by the healthcare professional. Syringes that can be recapped should not be used, sharps containers should be held at eye level within an arms reach, the sharps containers should be checked frequently as stated in the policy guidelines. The sharps containers should be emptied before they are completely full. A safe means to handle and pass the sharps should be established prior to initiating any procedure. The Personal protective equipment (PPE), that is the hurdles and enablers of a hazard should be specifically taken care of by the nurses. The examples involve eye goggles, face shields, gloves, masks, and gowns (Ndejjo, Musinguzi, Yu, Ssempebwa, 2015). There are certain steps that can be taken to avoid infections from exposure of nurses to infected blood. Apart from that certain measures after the exposure via NSI should also be taken like prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs can lower the risk of HIV infection by 80% (Owie A panga, 2016) Conclusion It is important to understand that nurses form an essential element of the healthcare system. The global shortage of nurses proves their significance as well as the aversion associated with this profession. One of the biggest off-putting reasons for nursing profession is the immense number of occupational hazards that are linked with it like musculoskeletal pain, stress, fatigue, NSI and subsequent infections. The data related to NSI are alarming and indicates that practical standard policies should be formulated, reviewed and maintained at every level beginning from governmental to organisational. A thorough risk assessment should be done along with the regular hazard audit. There are certain engineering, administrative and work place controls that should be followed by the healthcare facilities as well as the nurses. Bibliography Alavi, N. M. (2014). Occupational Hazards in Nursing. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 3(3). Cho, Lee, Choi, Park, Yoo, Aiken. (2013). Factors associated with needlestick and sharp injuries among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud., 50(8), 1025-32. Clarke, Sloane, Aiken. (2002). Effects of Hospital Staffing and Organizational Climate on Needlestick Injuries to Nurses. Am J Public Health, 92(7), 1115-1119. Ghosh, T. (2013). Occupational Health and Hazards among Health Care Workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 3(1), 1-4. Harris, J., Handelman, E. (2011). Needlestick Safety and Prevention Law. KEOREKILE, O. (2015). OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS ENCOUNTERED BY NURSES AT LETSHOLATHEBE II MEMORIAL HOSPITAL IN MAUN, BOTSWANA. UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA. Ndejjo, R., Musinguzi, G., Yu, X. J., Ssempebwa, J. (2015). Occupational Health Hazards among Healthcare Workers in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 3. Nsubuga, F. M., Jaakkola, M. S. (2005). Needle stick injuries among nurses in sub?Saharan Africa. TMIH. Orji, Faasubaa, Onwudiegwu, Dare, Ogunniyi. (2009). Occupational health hazards among health care workers in an obstetrics and gynaecology unit of a Nigerian teaching hospital. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22(1), 75-78. OSHA - Safer Needle Devices. (2012). Needlestick Injuries 2012 Update Course Number 3461. Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https://www.medceu.com/index/index.php?page=get_coursecourseID=3461nocheck Owie, H. O., Apanga, P. A. (2016). Occupational Health Hazards Prevailing among Healthcare Workers in Developing Countries. Journal of AIDS Clinical Research, 7. Perry, Jagger, Parker. (2003). Nurses and needlesticks, then and now. Nursing, 33(4), 22. Pruss-Ustun, Rapiti, Hutin. (2003). Sharps injuries: global burden of disease from sharps injuries to health-care workers. Geneva: World Health Organization. Riddell, Kennedy, Tong. (2015). Management of sharps injuries in the healthcare setting. BMJ. Sossai., Guardo, M. D., Foscoli, R., Pezzi, R., Polimeni, A., Ruzza, L., et al. (2016). Efficacy of safety catheter devices in the prevention of occupational needlestick injuries: applied research in the Liguria Region (Italy). J Prev Med Hyg, 57(2), 110-114. Tatelbaum. (2001). Needlestick safety and prevention act. Send to, 4(2), 193-195. Trim, J. C. (2004). Raising awareness and reducing the risk of needlestick injuries. Nursing Times. WHO. (n.d.). Occupational health. Retrieved April 13, 2018, from World Health Organisation: https://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/hcworkers/en/ WILBURN, S. Q., EIJKEMANS, G. (2004). Preventing Needlestick Injuries among Healthcare Workers: A WHOICN Collaboration. INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH, 10, 451456. Willburn, S. (2004). Needlestick and Sharps Injury Prevention. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 9(3)

Friday, April 24, 2020

Teaching Assistant Assignment free essay sample

There are five broad social and emotional aspects of learning: Self awareness which enables pupils to have some kind of understanding of themselves to understand what there thinking and feeling. It helps them to feel good in things they do, it helps them to know its ok to have feelings, but not to behave anyway they feel like it. When it comes to managing there feelings they use a wide range of strategies to recognise them and accept them. They will be able to stop and think before acting, they can calm thereself down when they choose too also and understand that there feelings can change how other people feel emotionally. Motivation it enables pupils to be enthusiastic and active in learning, it enables them to make there own goals and be able to work towards them. When a pupil is motivated they can set thereself a challenge, they will also bounce back after disappointment or where mistakes have been made. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Assistant Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Empathy enables a child to recognise feelings of others, to value and respect other peoples thoughts and feelings. To allow them to be supportive to others and offer help if needed. Social skills enable pupils to be a active part in groups, communicate, negotiate and support the learning of others. Social skills enable the pupil to know how to be friendly, to be assertive when needed and to be able to work well in a group and understand what helps that group work well together. 2) Describe 5 appropriate methods that help pupils recognise and express emotions. Five appropriate methods that help pupils recognise and express there emotions are: To use a positive approach Use active methods Use whole class meetings and circle time Use co-operation group work and peer education Ensure learning opportunities are participative, experimental and empowering. 3) Discuss how you would encourage co-operation when working within a group of pupils. I would encourage co-operation when working within a group of pupils by balancing the needs of an individual against those in the rest of the group. Id be completely fair about the amount of time i give to each group member. The pupils can demonstrate interest in the group through their body language, attentiveness and the use of language, understanding that the group has its own ways of working is vital in helping the group work well together. There should be information, advice opportunities provided for the group to enable them to establish group rules. The pupils should be encouraged to take responsibility for the way in which they operate and take responsibility for their own interactions and social organisation. Myself as a teaching assistant should monitor and evaluate the group and provide information, advice and encouragement as appropriate to sustain group effectiveness. 4) How might the teaching assistant help to meet the requirements of the school health, hygiene and medical policies and procedures. As a teaching assistant i will be required to comply with school policy and procedures relating to health, hygiene and medical matters. It is necessary for myself to fully understand the contents of the policies and know what their roles and responsibilities are. I should be fully aware of the sources of medical and health care, how these can be accessed and who is qualified to deal with different needs. When providing advice to pupils to develop basic personal hygiene skills, i should consider the variations in family and cultural backgrounds. I should report any problems to the teacher. There must be written records of all medicines administered to pupils. Children should never be forced to take medications. However, if this does ever arise this should be noted on there records. All medicines should be stored in strict accordance with the product instructions in there original packaging and clearly labelled and in a secure place, not accessible to children. 5) List possible signs of neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse and briefly outline how a teaching assistant may deal with a suspicion or disclosure of abuse. The possible signs of neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse are: Physical abuse which can include cuts, fractures, burns and scalds, bruises, scratchs and bite marks. Emotional abuse which can include poor self esteem, wetting or soiling themselves, aggression, failure to thrive, inresponsiveness and communication problems Sexual abuse can include sudden or unexpected changes to there behaviour, stained underwear, bruising on there chest, inner thighs or buttocks, bed wetting and eatting disorders. Other behaviour that may indicate sexual abuse is fear of a certain person or people. Neglect can include being dirty and smelly, a large appetite, low weight and also inappropriate dress such as wrong foot wear or clothing e. g in the winter. Many of the signs dont necessarily mean a child is neglected. If i was to recognise a sign or indicator of abuse i would need to know what steps to take if a pupil was to come to myself. I shouldnt let the child think they have beem ignored i should offer comfort and reassurance, showing them i have taken what has been said seriously. I should let them know i am there to help them and i can be trusted. I must stay calm and keep any emotions under control. Once the pupil has finished telling me, i should contact my supervisor and inform them of what i have been told. It is important to make notes, careful not to change anything and it is appropriatly followed up.

Friday, April 10, 2020

Writing Sample Essay Question About Exploration of New World

Writing Sample Essay Question About Exploration of New WorldThe second sample essay question about the exploration of the new world is:The question is supposed to be from the point of view of the explorer; however it could also be from any person involved in the exploration of the new world. As always, the answer given will depend on the writer's creative vision and interest.A more humorous version of this question would be the exploration of a new world which has been inhabited by an unusual breed of creatures. It might include some mention of a different type of food, used for medicinal purposes or maybe a mention of a different way of dressing. In other words, the author's personal thoughts about the place would be emphasized. These questions can also have a place of a review of the author's experiences in the subject area.The second sample essay question about the exploration of the new world is:As we have already said in the introduction of this article, the essay question needs to focus on how the author views the different aspects of human nature, ethics and morality. This is the kind of question that can put a new spin on the essay. It will give the author a chance to explore the theme of the essay and tie it to his/her own views on these matters. The essay should give the reader an idea about what is in store for him/her after reading the essay.Here are several samples of the exploration of new world questions; the first one being the 'Explorers' viewpoint'. The question asks if the explorer would agree with a statement such as: 'a set of rules need to be followed while exploring new territory'. If the author gives an affirmative answer to this question, he/she will have expanded the topic considerably and can take the readers to new topics that were previously covered in the original topic.When writing the exploration of the new world question, the writer needs to realize that it is not only the physical environment that needs to be explored but also the man's spirit as well. Once the author takes the reader to new areas, he/she will not only be writing a very interesting essay but also fulfill his/her own writing objectives.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Mary Shelley essays

Mary Shelley essays The plot of Frankenstein was about a scientist who created a monster. When he saw how terrifying his creation was when he fell sick with a brain fever. For two years, he did not know about his were abouts or his creation. When his brother was murdered and the girl they were blaming was a close friend of the family, Victor the scientist was positive that it was not her. He blamed the creature he had created for killing his brother. Victor tried to save the girl but she was hung. Victor felt responsible for both deaths. He climbed the mountains looking for his creation and then he saw him. He began to talk to the monster and the monster started to tell him how he had survived for so many years. The monster told Victor how lonely he was and asked him if he could create another monster for him so that he wouldn't be lonely. Victor agreed after the monster told him that if he would create a companion for him, he would leave the civilized world and never be heard of again. As Vict or started creating another monster, he realized that maybe creating another one wasn't such a good idea. He visualized both of the monsters together causing destruction. So he destroyed his work and Frankenstein cursed him for doing so. On Victor's wedding night he hears a scream and he runs to his suite. He found his wife strangled. Victor pledges that he will follow the monster to the end of the earth until he can finally destroy him. The pursuit leads him to the arctic region. Robert Walton's expedition ship finds Victor Frankenstein almost dead. They take him aboard and Victor tells them his story only to die later on. Frankenstein appears in the scientist's room where he announces to Walton that he plans to make a huge funeral bier and burn himself in the fire. He jumped on an ice raft and was carried away by the waves. He was lost forever in the distance. The Scientific issues brought up in my book were how Dr. Victor Frankenstein created life in...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

The Importance of Planning in Self-Publishing

The Importance of Planning in Self-Publishing Fiction writers are sometimes divided into â€Å"plotters† and â€Å"pantsers† depending on how much advance thought they put into the development of their novels. The â€Å"plotters† like to work everything out in advance. They may develop elaborate outlines, timelines, character portraits, diagrams of pivot points in their story, and know, even before they strike the first key, exactly what the story is and how it will develop. â€Å"Pantsers† get their name from â€Å"flying What about self-publishers? They can also be divided in terms of how they approach the publication of their books. Consider: Planners As soon as a planner gets going, they have specific dates for all their events. An author may have booked the blogs on which she’ll be appearing during her book launch several months away. She might locate vendors for the services she’ll need, set up a publishing company, and get all her â€Å"ducks in a row.† Although all this preparation is impressive, planners may be driven Free Spirits Free spirits approach publishing with a less structured approach, and are more concerned with the task in front of them, not with future events. A free spirit author may be so absorbed Although it sounds slower, these authors may be more open to serendipitous meetings and spur of the moment inspiration. Although they dont get the benefits of advance planning, they may have more fun in the process. Questions Arise Most people think that a book is a simple, commonplace object - words on a page, one page after another until you reach the end. What’s complicated about that? But then, when you decide to publish yourself, the picture becomes murkier. You begin to realize there are many decisions that go into making a book. The questions start, and never seem to stop:   Hardcover, paperback, ebook?   How big a book?   Where to sell, and for how much? Then it gets even more confusing:   What should I do first?   How long will it take?   How do I stay on track? Planning to Succeed Many authors are also teachers, business people, retirees, consultants, electricians, military, lawyers, doctors, and so on. They have expertise in their own field, but they don’t know how book publishing works. They have no grasp of the whole book publishing process. Ideally, you could have an expert sitting next to you as you plan your project to explain all the steps and when to do them. Thats a great solution, and some authors end up hiring a book shepherd or publishing consultant. But only a few do that. Most try to figure it out Understanding the sequence of events in publishing a book should be your first task when you decide to self-publish. So if youre thinking of publishing your own books, educate yourself first. Nothing will repay you as much as getting clear in your mind about how the process of turning a manuscript into a book works in the real world. Youll soon be a publishing pro yourself! NOTE FROM HOPE:  A new software program automates scheduling and tracking tasks for book projects. Its called  Book Planner  . A one-year subscription makes a great holiday gift for your favorite indie-publisher! Im a rabid fan of Joel Friedlander products, and this is a great way to jumpstart your own writing.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Discussion of Outsourcing and Its Pro and Cons Assignment

Discussion of Outsourcing and Its Pro and Cons - Assignment Example The IT functions include but not least software development, maintenance or support services in which the company deems cheaper to operate (Gartner, 2013). This occurs when an organization finds that it's cheaper to contract a third party to manage it IT than building an in-house IT department, or out-source a software or data storage than buying and maintaining its own. IT insourcing is acquiring or taking back the IT functions that have been previously been outsourced to a supplier or a third party provider (3P). In insourcing, the company takes control of the valuable business process and cease entrusting the functions to a 3P. The main difference between insourcing and outsourcing comes in the cost of the company, hence insourcing is more expensive as the company has to start from scratch whereas outsourcing the work is already flowing and the employees are familiar with the job (Marquis, n.d.). To achieve the same results insourcing firm uses its own acquired resources whereas in case of the outsourcing the firm uses the resources of the 3P. Insourcing involves placing a new location site for the operation site within the confines of the four walls of the organization, whereas involves using a facility that it’s outside the vicinity of the company. The insourcing the firm has total control of the employees and IT business process; whereas in outsourcing the management lacks or has no control over the way 3P operates (Marquis, n.d.). IT offshoring is relocating of IT business process from the primary country to another one to lower the administrative costs or due to lack of expertise in the primary country. This is mainly to take advantages of local resources, reducing costs and increasing the local market share; offshoring firm does not lose the ownership and the operations remain intact and unchanged (Lu, 2011).  

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Programming Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Programming Languages - Essay Example Whereas, the other authors have categorized the computer languages keeping in view the different aspects of the computer language including programming paradigm. The categories include: the procedural programming languages, structured programming languages, object oriented programming languages, functional programming languages, event driven programming, compiled and interpreted computer programming languages (Hurst, n.d). The computer languages are based on the syntax and semantic rules. It is pertinent to compare the programming languages based on the categories of the languages as well as predefined comparison criteria should be used. The paper focuses on three (3) main categories of the computer programming languages and presents an introduction to the programming languages, types of the programming languages, comparison of the programming languages, design and implementation phases of the programming languages and a conclusion based on critical analysis of the programming langua ges. Computer Programming languages Classification Computer programming languages have been developed to solve the human problems effectively and efficiently. Different categories of the programming languages accept, translate, and execute the instructions in diverse manners. Consider the ‘high level languages’, the programmers / coders write code in a more human understandable language as per the predefined syntax of the selected programming language platform. In other words, the ‘high level languages’ are developed so that the human beings can easily understand and use them. It is pertinent to mention here that there are three (3) models for execution of the ‘high level languages’ include: interpretation, compilation and translation. The interpretation refers to the execution of code without its compilation and requires an interpreter to interpret the code into machine language. The compilation refers to the translation of the code into execu table form by using either machine code generation technique or intermediate representation technique. Keeping in view the above facts, it is scrutinized that the ‘high level languages’ can further be classified based on the execution models they adopt to execute the program / code. Furthermore, it can be stated that the ‘high level languages’ are slow as compared to the assembly and machine languages. The high level programming languages include: C, C++, FORTRAN, Java, etc. The assembly languages are low level computer programming languages which directly correspond to the computer architecture. The assembly languages are computer architecture dependent in contrast to the ‘high level languages’ which can be ported across multiple different systems. The computer does not understand the assembly language; therefore, the programs created in the assembly languages require assemblers to convert the code into executable machine code. In Assembly lan guage the programmers use the symbolic computer addresses which are converted into the absolute addresses by the assembler. As compared to the ‘high level languages’, the assembly languages are difficult to understand and learn by human beings. The examples of the assembly language include: the AUTOCODER (usable for IBM mainframe systems), FASM (Flat Assembler), MASM (Microsoft Macro Assembler), etc. The third (3rd) main classification of the programming langu